Prospect Theory and Premium Reflection Paper

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Animal and Color Symbolism in Harry Potter Series Essay

An Investigation of J.K. Rowling’s Utilization of Animal and Color Symbolism in Her Harry Potter Series Many consider symbolism the most important factor in comprehending the knowledgeable realm. â€Å"Symbols and metaphors extend into the realm of everyday language and figures of speech† (Biedermann VII). In turn, the Harry Potter novels of J.K. Rowling are extensively â€Å"philosophical† and symbolic (Bagget and Klein 3). Some believe that a civilization that is very advanced will keep records of important symbols (Biedermann VIII). Paralleling this statement, the civilization that J.K. Rowling creates is one â€Å"of menacing trolls and forbidden forests [that] haunts the bestseller lists week in and out, enthralling readers and leaving them hungry for more† (Bagget and Klein 1). Thus the question arises: In what ways and to what extent does J.K. Rowling incorporate animal and color symbolism into her Harry Potter series? Non-fiction animals that exist in reality, as well as in these novels, are utilized as symbols by J.K. Rowling. Owls often seem to be intelligent, tolerant, contemplative, ominous, and nocturnal. (249). Read more:  How many words in the harry potter series. These animals appear â€Å"frequently in the emblems of scholarly publishing houses and book stores† (250). According to Aeppli, cats are considered â€Å"the typically feminine animal[†¦] and females are known as being ‘more deeply rooted in the dark intuitive side of life than man with his simpler psyche’† (59-60). â€Å"The cat is tireless and cunning when going after its prey – the virtues’ of a good soldier† like Professor McGonagall (60). Of course, Rowling includes many super-natural figures. According to Albus Dumbledore, the Headmaster of Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry, â€Å"‘[p]hoenixes burst into flame when it is time for them to die and are reborn from the ashes’† (Rowling, Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets 207). Dumbledore refers to the usual grandeur of the phoenix and his feathers of scarlet and gold, the colors of Gryffindor (Rowling, Chamber 207). The phoenix, often referred t o as the â€Å"firebird[,]† ignites itself centennially, perishes, and is reborn from the cinders. The phoenix globally embodies â€Å"immortality, death by fire, the sun, and resurrection† (Bruce-Mitford 31). In Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone, Rowling describes â€Å"a dog that filled the whole space between ceiling and floor. It had three heads, three pairs of rolling mad eyes, [and] three noses, twitching and quivering in their direction† (Rowling, Stone 160). According to Hermione, the dog is blatantly protecting something, for it stands on a disguised door (Rowling, Stone 162). The three-headed dog mainly symbolizes reliability and awareness in mythology; it usually portrays a protector at the entrance to the world of the dead (97). Unicorns have come to signify wholesomeness and power (Biedermann 360). â€Å"According to medieval lore, a unicorn’s horn was a powerful antidote to poison† (28). Unicorns are described as â€Å"pure and incorruptible† (Bruce-Mitford 28). Rubeus Hagrid explains that unicorn blood has the ability to save any life – no matter how near to death – but at an awful cost, having killed an animal of its purity and lack of defense in a selfish manner (Rowling, Stone 258). Mythology, when describing the conception of the earth, depicts dragons as very primitive. The gods are called to overcome these dragons and eventually, their most important descendants become â€Å"dragon-slayers† (102). â€Å"In fairy tales and legends, slaying the dragon is a frequent test of the hero’s mettle† (Biedermann 102). As the dragons are being tended to in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, â€Å"torrents of fire [shoot] into the dark sky from their open, fanged, mouths, fifty feet above the ground on their outstretched necks† (Rowling, Goblet 326). In a Christian view, the dragon can represent the evil counterpart, usually a devil (Biedermann 103). Many main characters in this series are represented by the animals into which they can transform. Because of the rat’s reputation for soiling what is good and carrying sickness, it has become known as a follower of the â€Å"devil, demons, and witches† (279). Peter Pettigrew, a follower of Harry’s evil counter- part, spends many years disguised as a rat. Black dogs have been thought to be in partnership with doers of black magic, yet â€Å"only rarely do dogs appear in a negative light† (97). The Chinese mostly considered them guards against fiends (98). Dogs primarily have a reputation of â€Å"loyalty and vigilance† (97). These are qualities similar to those of Harry’s god-father Sirius Black. To Christians, a wolf is most often the rival endangering those who hold strong faith. Various fables of wolves resulting from murderous individuals exist. The word werewolf is exactly translated to â€Å"man-wolf† (387). As the Latin word for wolf is â€Å"lupus[,]† it is a great foreshadowing tool that the Hogwarts professor with the surname â€Å"Lupin† is in fact a werewolf (387). The first name of said professor, Remus, also seems too well suited to be of coincidence. It appears in â€Å"the Roman legend of the Capitoline wolf that was said to have nursed Romulus and Remus† (Biedermann 389). The deer has great significance in this series. Various older legends of Europe include adolescent females who are changed into does. It was a doe that â€Å"was said to have rescued fleeing Frankish warriors by showing a point at which they could ford the Main River† (Biedermann 97). In Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, Rowling describes â€Å"a silver-white doe, moon-bright and dazzling, picking her way over the ground† and Harry senses the â€Å"inexplicable familiarity† of this creature. His mother’s patronus, a symbol used to fight off evil creatures w ith a spell, was a doe identical to this one. Harry realizes that his patronus is inherited from his father when he casts his own spell and sees a stag with prominent antlers. This causes him to recall his father’s nickname, Prongs. (Rowling, Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban 411) As the mascot of Slytherin House is a snake, it is reasonable that—as reported by an Christian passage, Physiologus—â€Å"the deer spits water into every crevice in which poisonous snakes are hiding; it thus spits them out and tramples them† (92). The deer has been seen as having skin that can act as a talisman to defeat snake poison, and antlers that can be powdered for protection against dark powers (92). Supposedly, â€Å"burnt deer horn drives away any snake† (Biedermann 93). The sorting hat, the judge of how each student is placed into a house, sings â€Å"‘[one] might belong in Hufflepuff, [w]here they are just and loyal, [t]hose patient Hufflepuffs are true [a]nd unafraid of toil’† (R owling, Stone 118). As Hufflepuff is somewhat of a misunderstood house, it is understandable that â€Å"yellow [the primary house color] gives some of the most mixed messages of all. It is the color of pulsating life—of corn and gold and angelic haloes—and it is also at the same time a color of bile, and in its sulphurous incarnation it is the color of the Devil† (Finlay 203). European opinion has dubbed the color cowardly, which coincides with the notion that Hufflepuff is quite inferior to the brave Gryffindor (Bruce-Mitford 107). Rubeus Hagrid states that â€Å"‘Everyone says Hufflepuff are a lot o’ duffers† (Rowling, Stone 80) According to Goethe and his color theory, yellow is â€Å"‘soft and merry’† but can easily become unpleasant (392). A badger—the Hufflepuff mascot—survives off the fat of its own body, which has turned it into a representation of iniquity corresponding to the bad representation of the Hufflepuff house. In the English language, the term â€Å"badgering† is synonymous to irritating (Biedermann 28). The unnerved new students are told that they could prosper â€Å"‘in wise old Ravenclaw, [i]f [they’ve] a ready mind, where those of wit and learning will always find their kind’† (Rowling, Stone 118). The House color blue is primarily known as a representation of â€Å"things of the spirit and the intellect† (Biedermann 44). In order to enter Ravenclaw’s chambers, one is asked to solve a problem. This encourages them to always seek knowledge, according to a Ravenclaw member (Rowling, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows 587). Usually, eagles—the house mascot—have favorable connotations. They consist of â€Å"energy, renewal, con templation, acuity of vision, [and] royal bearing† (Biedermann 108). Appropriately, the sorting hat also sings â€Å"[f]or Ravenclaw, the cleverest [will] always be the best† (Rowling, Goblet 177). The wise sorting hat advises new students that â€Å"‘perhaps in Slytherin [they’ll] make [their] real friends, [t]hose cunning folk use any means to achieve their ends’† (118). To Harry’s perception, the Slytherin members appear to be â€Å"an unpleasant lot† (Rowling, Stone 119). A serpent, the representative of Slytherin, originated from the ability of the house’s founder to speak to snakes, a trait that Harry shares (Rowling, Chamber 196). By the Chinese, snakes are considered hazardously cunning. They also believed that the possession of a snake skin signified that a person would become wealthy (312). A snake is capable of murder by biting and utilizing its poison (Biedermann 310). Snakes are often related to demise and disarray (Willis 250). Controlled by the returned Lord Voldemort, a basilisk is hidden deep inside Hogwarts Castle that â€Å"kills people by looking at them† (Rowling, Chamber 291). In the early Middle Ages, the basilisk was attributed with incredible deadly magic. It also, possessed a lethal â€Å"glance and touch† (Rowland 28). According to Moaning Myrtle, a ghost victim of the basilisk, it only takes the glance of a basilisk’s â€Å"‘big, yellow eyes’† to inflict death (Rowling, Chamber 299). In accordance to the beliefs of Christians, basilisks symbolize an evil spirit that can only be stopped by the bible (Rowland 28). Green, Slytherin’s primary color, can represent childishness. â€Å"Especially in English, the color is associated with negative emotions† such as â€Å"envy† and â€Å"jealousy† (Biedermann 159). At one point in time, there was a green color that was undisclosed in China except to the selected royal people. All that was disclosed was its origin of the color green (Finlay 245). This statement parallels the wish of Salazar Slytherin, the founder of the house, to be more particular when admitting students to the school (Rowling, Chamber, 150). The sorting hat declares that one â€Å"‘might belong in Gryffindor, [w]here dwell the brave at heart[.] Their daring nerve and chivalry set Gryffindors apart’† (Rowling, Stone 118). Primarily, red—Gryffindor’s main color—is a sign of â€Å"aggression, vitality and strength, associated with fire and symbolizing both love and mortal combat† (28). Red is commonly the most favored color to an individual (281). To Christians, red is synonymous to Christ’s sacrificed blood, those willing to die for Christ, and ardent affection (Biedermann 282). Upon the instruction of Dumbledore, Harry rotates the sword that previously helped him defeat Lord Voldemort, â€Å"the rubies blazing in the firelight[†¦] [T]hen he [sees] the name just below the hilt[,] Godric Gryffindor† (Rowling, Chamber 333). According to Aeppli, in a dream, red indicates that the dreamer is brave, or equipped to act. Cardinals wear red in order to indicate that they are ready to give up their lives for Christ (Biedermann 282). Accordingly, Harry willingly accepts that â€Å"all that [is] left [for him] [is] the thing itself: dying† to defeat Lord Voldemort (Rowling, Hallows 692). According to [I Peter 5:8]—for Alchemists—lions can represent sulfur, the chief element or â€Å"‘the red lion,’ for the finished ‘philosopher’s stone’† (Biedermann 210). The philosopher’s stone, as it was originally referred to, is â€Å"blood-red† (292). According to Hermione Granger, â€Å"‘Nicholas Flamel[,]’† an alchemist, â€Å"‘is the only known maker of the [Philosopher’s] Stone’† (Rowling, Stone 219). â€Å"In European Heraldry the lion[†¦] is usually red or gold, with its tongue and claws in a contrasting color† (Biedermann 210). After Gryffindor’s defeat of Slytherin for the house cup, â€Å"[i]n an instant, the green hangings became gold [the secondary color of Gryffindor house]; the huge Slytherin serpent vanished and a towering Gryffindor lion took its place† (Rowling, Stone 306). Indeed, symbols are amidst the assets of the world that are the most essential (Biedermann IX). Mostly, the human race doesn’t register the significance of these signs or even their existence (Bruce-Mitford 6). Yet, as J.K. Rowling utilizes them in her Harry Potter series, â€Å"[s]ymbols [†¦] enable people to bring the incomprehensible into the realm of the ta ngible, where they can deal with it† (Biedermann XII). Works Cited Baggett, David, and Shawn Klein. Harry Potter and Philosophy: If Aristotle Ran Hogwarts. Chicago, Ill.: Open Court, 2004. Print. Biedermann, Hans. Dictionary of Symbolism: Cultural Icons and the Meanings Behind Them. Trans. James Hulbert. New York: Meridian, 1992. Print. Bruce-Mitford, Miranda. The Illustrated Book of Signs and Symbols. New York: D.K., 1996. Print. Finlay, Victoria. Color: A Natural History of the Palette. New York: Ballentine, 2002. Print. Rowland, Beryl. Animals with Human Faces: A Guide to Animal Symbolism. Knoxville: U of Tennessee P, 1973, Print. Rowling, J.K. Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets. New York: Levine, 1999. Print. Rowling, J.K. Harry Potter and The Deathly Hallows. New York: Levine, 2007. Print. Rowling, J.K. Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire. New York: Levine, 2000. Print. Rowling, J.K. Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban. New York: Levine, 1999. Print. Rowling, J.K. Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone. New York: Levine, 1997. P rint. Willis, Roy G. Signifying Animals: Human Meaning in the Natural World. London: Unwin Hyman, 1990. Print.

Wellness Industry in India

INTRODUCTION In India, a country where traditional medicinal and health practices like Ayurveda and yoga have promoted the idea of mental and physical wellbeing since ancient times, a new concept of wellness is emerging. No longer limited to health, nutrition and relaxation, the new multi-dimensional definition of wellness encompasses the individual’s desire for social acceptance, exclusivity and collective welfare. WELLNESS INDUSTRY The 2009 FICCI-Ernst & Young (EY) Wellness – Exploring the Untapped Potential report classifies the Indian wellness industry into two segments: wellness services and wellness products.Expected to grow dramatically in the next years, both the segments offer great opportunities to wellness providers. At the end of 2008, the overall industry was estimated at around INR 27. 000 crore (EUR 4. 05 billion1), of which INR 11. 000 crore (EUR 1. 65 billion) represented by the services segment and the rest by the products segment. WELLNESS INDUSTRY SI ZE AND SEGMENTATION (EUR billion) 1,65 41% Wellness Products Wellness Services 2,4 59% Source: Ernst & Young and FICCIAccording to the study, the wellness industry has the potential to sustain a compound annual growth rate of more than 14% till 2012, with the wellness services market expected to witness an annual growth of approximately 3035% till 2014. 1 The conversion rate utilized in this report is 1 INR = 0. 015 EUR. WELLNESS INDUSTRY PROJECTIONS (EUR billion) 7,00 6,00 6,00 5,00 4,05 4,00 3,00 2,19 2,00 1,00 2009 2010E 2011E 2012E Source: Ernst & Young and FICCI 5,26 4,62 3,84 2,90 1,65 Wellness Industry Wellness Services Geographically, South India is much ahead in terms of wellness, with an average of 34. wellness centers per 100. 000 households, compared with 13. 6 for the North, 12 for the West and 10. 1 in the East. AVERAGE NUMBER OF WELLNESS CENTERS IN INDIA 0 South North West East 13,6 12 10,1 Source: Ernst & Young and FICCI 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 34,4 40 The report depicts the overall wellness industry as highly unorganized, with the organized sector limited to less than 50 percent of the industry. The industry’s disorganization and fragmentation open further opportunities for international wellness players to capture a large share of the market.Wellness services From massages to cardio sessions, from steam baths to ago puncture, from slimming programs to beauty treatments, the wellness services segment includes all the facilities, centers and in general domestic and international players which offer Indian customers wellness solutions. Recent trends in the wellness services sector Spas: As per the FICCI-EY study, rejuvenation services – including spas, alternative therapies, Ayurveda treatments and beauty services – is expected to witness a 30 percent growth till 2014.In its 2009 report, SpaFinder Inc. counted over 2. 300 spas operating in India, with over 700 to open by 2012 and generating revenues for approximately EUR 264 mil lion annually. NUMBER OF SPAS IN INDIA (PROJECTION) 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 2009 Source: SpaFinder Inc. + 700 spas 3000 2300 2012 A distinct trend visible in the Indian wellness market is the opening of spas in the mid-price category. No longer exclusivity of 5-stars hotel guests, standalone spas with a more affordable price-value equation are filling a gap that was missing in the market2.Gyms: Assessed at around INR 500 crore (EUR 75 million) in 2009, the gym market in India is quickly developing. As per the FICCI-EY study, fitness services – comprising gyms and slimming centers – will grow by more than 25 percent till 2014. According to the consultancy firm Deloitte and the US-based International Health, Racquet & Sportsclub Association, the number of people using health clubs in India currently stands at 0. 23 million. Of this, experts say 40 percent are women3. HEALTH CLUB USERS PENETRATION RATE 2 3Wellness industry unaffected by recession, liveMint, Th e Wall Street Journal, Jun 14, 2009. Gym becoming social networking hub, The Economic Times, Aug 14, 2009. 0,0% US Australia New Zealand Singapore Hong Kong India 0,4% 5,0% 10,0% 15,0% 20,0% 17,0% 12,4% 10,8% 6,5% 3,9% Source: Deloitte & International Health, Racquet & Sportclub Association The still low penetration rate, combined with the success of the fitness reality show Biggest Loser Jeetega, which featured gym equipment of the Italian manufacturer Technogym SpA,suggests there is still plenty of room for new centers to open in India.Hotels and restaurant: A further trend, emerging as a consequence of the significant number of lifestyle diseases which affects the country — India accounts for 60% of global cardiac illnesses and has over 50 million diabetics — is the emergence of hotels as health destinations, offering special menus and fitness programs4. Many restaurants are also starting to propose their health-conscious customers special menus. Main international and national players of the wellness services sectorOverall, more than 15 international players in the wellness product and service space have entered India in the recent past and are aggressively expanding in the country. Just to name one, the US-based largest international gym chain in the world, Gold’s Gym has opened 48 gyms since its arrival in India in 2002. This increasing competition from multinationals has compelled national players – including Reliance, Dabur, Manipal Group of Companies, Dr. Batra’s, Kaya Health Clinic – to strengthen and speed up their market expansion strategies.To support the growth, after Talwalkars– one of the leading gym chains in India, with over 100 branches across 50 cities in the country, and over 100. 000 members – and Birla Pacific Spa, also the healthcare and beauty treatment provider Goodwill Hospitals, the drug retail chain Apollo Pharmacy, the diagnostics chain Super Religare Laboratories and the eye care firm VasanEyecare are planning to go public in the next 12 months5. 4 Wellness on the menu, liveMint, The Wall Street Journal, Jul 29, 2011. 5After Birla Pacific Spa and Talwalkars niche beauty and wellness companies planning for IPO, The Economic Times, Aug 25, 2011.While substandard facilities and a lack of qualified staff still characterize the domestic wellness scene, this unsatisfying picture opens further opportunities to international players, which will bring to India their sets of standards of procedures and training programs. Wellness products Including various types of â€Å"modified† foods (e. g. , fat free, low calories, energetic, reinforcing), oils, supplements, integrators, and personal care products, wellness products are gaining more and more space in Indians’ purchase basket.No longer limited to preventive or supportive nutrition, the wellness product portfolio reflects a mix of indulgence, invigoration and narcissism6. Health and wellness food s market Tata Strategic Management Group (TSMG) has estimated theIndian health and wellness foods market being worth INR 10. 150 crore(EUR1. 52 billion) in 2009, with the potential of rising at a compounded annual growth rate of 32. 5 percent to INR 55. 000crore (EUR 8. 24 billion) by 2015. 6 Impulse and Lifestyle Products Define the FMCG Future in India, Roosevelt D’souza, Executive Director, The Nielsen Company, March 4, 2011.HEALTH AND WELLNESS FOODS PROJECTION (EUR billion) 9,00 8,00 7,00 6,00 5,00 4,00 3,00 2,00 1,00 2009 2010E 2011E 2012E 2013E 2014E 2015E Source: TSMG 8,24 + 32. 5% 4,69 3,54 2,67 1,52 2,01 6,21 To capture the growing demand, food brands are in a race to launch new products. Himalaya International’s natural fruit yoghurt, Parle Products’s baked chips, Amul’s range of functional products (including energy drinks, probiotic ice-creams, probiotic lassi and curd, high calcium milk and reduced salt butter), Frito Lay’s trans-fat a nd MSG free products, ITC Food’s low cholesterol products, gut beneficial foods are just few examples7.Sugar-free products With diabetes increasing at an alarming rate –the number of people with diabetes was over 45 million in 2010 and is expected to rise to 69. 9 million by 2015 –, obesity, hypertension and other lifestyle-related disorders, sugar-free product variants are gaining more space on the retail shelves. While Indians have begun to show a liking to sugar-free products, sugar substitutes (often referred to as â€Å"sweeteners†) do not receive the same welcome.In fact, sweeteners are not yet considered a low-calorie sugar substitute, but a product for people suffering of lifestyle diseases8. Nutraceuticals market Within the wellness products segment, the nutraceuticals market – merger of the words â€Å"nutrition† and â€Å"pharmaceutical† indicating functional foods, beverages and dietary supplements which provide health and medical benefits – is expected to grow exponentially. The 2009 FICCI-EY Nutraceuticals – Critical supplement for building a healthy India estimated the market to be around INR 44 billion (representing one 7 8Insights on Indian market, NutriConnect, 2009. Sweet equilibrium, Progressive Grocer, December 2010. percent of the global INR 5. 148 billion nutraceutical market), growing by an annual 18 percent since 2006, much faster than the global 7 percentaverage. INDIA’S NUTRACEUTICAL GLOBAL MARKET SHARE AND SEGMENTATION Rest of EU; 6% Switzerland ; 3% Italy; 3% UK; 2% France; 6% Germany; 5% Japan; 22% 14% Others; 9% US; 36% Functional foods Rest of Asia; 7% Functional beverages India; 1% Dietary supplements Source: Ernst & Young and FICCI 2% 54% Source: Frost & Sullivan, Cygnus Growth drivers are: ? ? the increasing affluence of working population with changing lifestyles; the reduced affordability of sickness related expenditures (with the Out-ofpocket expenditure constituting 64 percent of healthcare expenditures in India – against the global average of 18 percent – and the average cost of in-patient treatment doubled in the decade 1995-20059); the increasing awareness and media penetration; Andthe increased accessibility to such roducts, due to the emergence of new distribution channels. ? ? Moreover, due to their high prices compared to conventional foods, the lack of credibility of their benefits among costumers, and the not-yet-implemented regulatory framework, the latent market for nutraceutical products is estimated to be two to four times the existing market size. CONCLUSIONSIn India, a new multi-dimensional definition of wellness is emerging, encompassing the individual’s desire for social acceptance, exclusivity and collective welfare. Be it in the services or product sector, the wellness industry in India is showing bright opportunities to wellness providers, especially international players. 9 WHO statistical information system, 2008.

Vietnam the history of, and the political policies of the United Term Paper

Vietnam the history of, and the political policies of the United States and Vietnam - Term Paper Example However, this was not always the case. Although there were behind the scenes talks between the two countries in the twenty years since the end of the war in 1975 it was not until 1995 that diplomatic relations were officially re-established. Since then the relationship between the two have been improving with each passing year. The present U.S. administration, headed by President Barack Obama has now officially designated the Republic of Vietnam as a â€Å"significant partner†. This paper will briefly outline the changes that have occurred in the last forty years, concluding that overall there is now a strong diplomatic and economic bond uniting the two nations. The U.S. relationship with Vietnam in the twenty years leading up to 1995 was strained. Almost immediately after its victory over South Vietnam the new Republic further antagonised American interests by turning to the U.S.S.R. for military aid and financial assistance (Largo 2002). China, other smaller South East Asian nations and the United States were all concerned with the growing influenced of the Soviet Union in the region; ironically, the very reason that the U.S. had previously involved itself in the Vietnamese civil war. The Vietnamese decision to invade Cambodia in 1979 also strained an already tense relationship. The U.S. promised to continue the trade embargo put in place after 1975 until Vietnam removed its occupying forces from Cambodia (Largo 2002). The prisoner of war issue also strained the relationship between the two countries. For many years after the end of the war in 1975 the U.S. claimed that Hanoi was not doing enough to repatriate American service personnel held prisoner during the war. While it is unlikely that American POW’s remained captive after the end of the war the image remained a strong one for many in the U.S; indeed, the image of the captive American was such a powerful cultural icon that it had a significant negative effect

Changes In Company's Culture Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Changes In Company's Culture - Research Paper Example This paper stresses that there is a strong relationship between culture and performance. A supportive culture enhances the organization’s competitive advantage in terms of higher outputs, improved profits, increased employee retention and enhanced working environment. Culture determines employee attitudes, their motivation and consequent organizational performance. This paper has highlighted change in organizational culture, the two levels of organizational culture, the use of culture measures in change situations, failure to achieve organizational culture change, and implementing the process successfully. Sustainable organizational change cannot be effectively implemented by structural or systemic changes to the organization. On the other hand, it is brought about by powerful techniques that work successfully through strong communications with employees. These communications convey both the means by which the organization will change the way it functions and about the new cultural goals of the organization. Effective organizational change occurs when completely new climates and cultures are created and maintained by the company. Different types of climates and cultures may be equally effective for different organizations according to their industry, markets and nature of their workforce. To ensure successful cultural change management in an or ganization, and to break the spiral of dysfunctional failures, the climate and culture levels offer numerous opportunities for the company’s management to bring about sustainable change.

NASA's Mission to Asteroid Bennu Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

NASA's Mission to Asteroid Bennu - Essay Example Basically, the question being asked by the project, that they hope to answer is â€Å"can you go to an asteroid, collect material, and bring it back to earth?† (Algar, Jim â€Å"NASA Gets Go-Ahead To Build Spacecraft for Space Sampling Mission†)/ This paper will look deeper into the relevance of the mission to Bennu, the current status of the project, and finally, make conclusions about the possible success or failure of the space mission. This will be done by presenting the latest facts about the mission as taken from the latest news and scientific reports / updates related to the 2016 space mission. In order to fully grasp the importance of the mission to Asteroid Bennu, the public must first understand the key mission objectives of the project. All of which are crucial to the continued study of planet and life preservation on Earth. These mission objectives are: Having received financing and support from the government to implement the project, NASA has begun to develop the spacecraft that will be used for this unmanned mission. Known as the Origins, Spectral Interpretation Resource Identification Security Regolith Explorer, OSIRIS REx for short the unmanned explorer was approved at the Mission Design Critical Review at Lockheed Martin Space Systems Company in Ohio this April (Myles, Robert â€Å"NASAs Asteroid Sample Mission Gets Go-Ahead†). With a planned launch date in the Fall of 2016, the craft is expected to rendezvous with the 493 meter asteroid in 2018. OSIRUS - REx will have 5 onboard instruments meant to help with data and sample collection. A task that is expected to last at least one year. The samples and data will then take a 5 year trip back to earth where NASA will collect the samples and other onboard data for long term experimentation, research, and study well into the 2020s (Myles, Robert â€Å"NASAs Asteroid Sampl e Mission

Effective Team and Performance Management Essay - 5

Effective Team and Performance Management - Essay Example 362). Therefore, an organization must always look for ways of bringing together all the departments to ensure that the specific goals and objectives are achieved. According to Furnham et al, (1993, p. 245-257), in an organization setting, the sources of conflict are varied. Many conflicts are related to psychological factors such as wrong attitudes towards accomplishing given tasks. Some members will normally not co-operate in various areas of an organization due to psychological factors that they pose. Some members may also have emotional problems which will be expressed at most times while the employees are working together. For example, some may show signs of ranging temper, some resentment while others become indifferent during moments of team work. They may not be able to bring forth their ideas with ease, hindering team work. There are also several behavioral practices that work contrary to team work (Kaplan & Miller 1987, p. 346-360). For example, some members may withdraw fro m the team, others choosing to choose the team members that they would want to work with. This will obviously hinder cooperation in the organization. Leadership plays a key role in the achievement of team work within the corporate world. A leader is any individual who is able to influence the employees towards a specific direction. Leadership may come from any level or department within an organizations setting (Kaplan & Miller 1987, p. 346-360). It is important that appropriate leadership is given, so that all the employees move towards the same direction. In this report, I reflect on various activities that have we have undertaken as a group, in the bid to learn more on the topic of team work. I use the tasks to understand how well team work can be accomplished within an organization. The outcomes of the teamwork within our group indicate the issues that surround cooperation and cohesion within the organizations. Reflection of various the tasks undertaken During our class work, we were called upon to take various tasks as groups. They would either be seminar activities or weekly activities. One of these activities included the egg flying contest. In this case, I and other team members were called upon to use all the resources that were available to ensure that an egg would not breaking after being dropped from a height of 2 meters. Several resources were availed to us, which included: six straws, one balloon, three elastic buds six cotton buds, and four papers; each one and a half centimeters. The task ahead was to be able to put our minds together and see how the materials available to us were of use. The team members had to use the resources ahead of them with a lot of care. The resources were limited, yet the given task had to be accomplished. There was need for the team to give way for a leader, one who everybody would listen to and who would give direction on how exactly to use the materials to accomplish the task ahead. In such a moment, most members f eared to fail, they wanted to be correct and perform the task to success. Therefore, a strong leader, one who would take into considerate the task ahead was needed. Our next exercise involved investigation of Cambridge crime. In this case, the team was supposed to investigate a crime scene that had happened in the nearby location. The accurate information in such a scenario was of great

Protection of Intellectual Property, Confidentiality, and Freedom of E Essay

Protection of Intellectual Property, Confidentiality, and Freedom of Expression on the Internet - Essay Example Internet suppression can maintain its vital role in providing an efficient and democratic means of distributing information around the world. The act of hate speech, pornography and the like are very alarming in the country as it can affect the lives of the people involved with some sort of wrong information. These are my main concern for opposing the use of free speech. Websites that contain pornographic and obscene material and information are also widespread on the internet which can give a bad effect to the users. Even it is impossible to totally discontinue its operation on the internet, the government shall act on carrying out the censorship by filtering its every feature and applying the rules in creating a useful website.As the technologies progress, any person with an internet connection has the potential to reach other people with anonymity thus, syndicates can easily use cybercrime to perform their bad intention with the advantage of hidden personal identity from the law e nforcers. Crimes and dilemma which emerged from improper usage of the internet can be reduced if people using it are responsible enough of their right and if the law is implemented strictly.Encouraging awareness and advocacy in protecting one’s own right as well as the rights of others will be of great help in minimizing the risks of crimes and the dilemma associated with internet use.Legal aspects related to utilization of networked information devices and technologies such as the existence of cyber law will also help in regulating some of the most important topics including intellectual property, privacy, freedom of expression, and jurisdiction.

The Sense of Casualness marking the 17th Century English Slave Trade Essay

The Sense of Casualness marking the 17th Century English Slave Trade - Essay Example The narrator comes out as a shrewd European trader, who on the one side is perturbed by the competitive tactics evinced by the traders from other European nations, and on the other side is harrowed by the long negotiations he had to manage with the African intermediaries, war-lords, and feudal headmen. The prime concern of the narrator is to secure young and strong African slaves at the right price and at the right time and one scarcely finds this account being marked by any emotional interjections or moral pangs on the part of the writer. The entire process presented in the narrative is astutely mattered of fact and business like. Thereby, the account presents a realistic picture of the systematic and extensive nature of the African slave trade, which comes out as being a well engrained economic activity in the coastal communities in Africa. The European slave traders certainly preferred to maintain amicable and cordial relations with the African feudal lords and the intermediaries appointed by them so as to assure the success and safety of their business operations. If one studies the given account in the light of the intellectual and moral progress registered by the 17th century Europe, one stands simply amazed and nonplussed at the fact that a civilization that tended to be the cradle of the best of thought and progress, happened to be so callous about trading in human beings, preferring to keeping the African slave trade bereft of any human or ethical considerations. ... The European traders traded in African slaves without giving in to any moral or ethical pangs, being more concerned about the fortunes to be accrued from the transatlantic demand for cheap manpower. The narrator comes out as a shrewd European trader, who on the one side is perturbed by the competitive tactics evinced by the traders from other European nations, and on the other side is harrowed by the long negotiations he had to manage with the African intermediaries, war lords and feudal headmen. The prime concern of the narrator is to secure young and strong African slaves at the right price and at the right time and one scarcely finds this account being marked by any emotional interjections or moral pangs on the part of the writer. The entire process presented in the narrative is astutely matter of fact and business like. Thereby, the account presents a realistic picture of the systematic and extensive nature of the African slave trade, which comes out as being a well engrained eco nomic activity in the coastal communities in Africa. The European slave traders certainly preferred to maintain amicable and cordial relations with the African feudal lords and the intermediaries appointed by them so as to assure the success and safety of their business operations. If one studies the given account in the light of the intellectual and moral progress registered by the 17th century Europe, one stands simply amazed and nonplussed at the fact that a civilization that tended to be the cradle of the best of thought and progress, happened to be so callous about trading in human beings, preferring to keeping the African slave trade bereft of any human or ethical considerations. In that sense one certainly finds a

Lady Macbeth, an honoured hostess and a fiend-like Queen Essay Example for Free

Lady Macbeth, an honoured hostess and a fiend-like Queen Essay The audience witness a total transformation of Lady Macbeth from a powerful, scheming woman to a sad and lonely wretch. By the end of this tragedy she has nothing to live for, is riddled with guilt and has lost all sanity. At the opening of the play the audience see how fervent her hunger for power and status is when she summons evil spirits; Fill me from the crown to the toe top-full of the direst cruelty; (Act One, Scene 5, lines 40-41). This statement displays Lady Macbeths character deeply nefarious, it would perturb the superstitions of the Christian spectators. The audience might also perceive her to be disturbed as in that same soliloquy she asks the spirits to, Make thick my blood, At the time that the play was written thick blood was associated with illness and derangement. It would have been most horrific for the audience to listen to the character persisting that she did not want to be womanly, especially for someone of her status is society. Pronouncing that she wished to be unsexed and that she wanted the spirits to Come to my womans breasts, and take my milk for gall, would outrage their perfervid Christian views as women were supposed to be maternal and loving whereas she uses the oxymoron to intensify her wish to become corrupt and inhuman. Immediately after she calls the spirits, Shakespeare returns Macbeth to the stage, scheduling his wife the ideal time to discuss her plan. Lady Macbeth begins to instruct him as she says, Look like th innocent flower, but be the serpent undert. She uses this metaphor to reassure her husband and make known to him that others wont realise hed be doing anything wrong but at the same time urging him to commit the deed,ergo underlining the way in which it is her evil inventions which will destroy Duncan. The Shakespearean audience would be very disturbed to witness such wicked schemes emanating from a female character; women were particularly governed by societys expectations and considered to be the fairer, gentler sex, leaving political machinations to their male counterparts. Along with manipulating Macbeth into executing all of her schemes, she also is competent to cover up after him when he is vulnerable to suspicion. Without her help and guidance, Macbeth would have not been able to consummate his feats. After Macbeths first act in which he commits regicide by killing his dear king Duncan, he is incapable of coming to terms with his actions and returning with the weapons to Duncans chamber. His ever-dutiful wife finishes the task. Give me the daggers. The sleeping and the dead are but pictures. Her control here reveals her power and determination. We see her draw a veil over Macbeths behaviour again after he has taken King Duncans life as Macbeth makes the mistake of killing the guards, when he knows that as a soldier himself he should interrogate suspects. After Macduff attempts to question Macbeth on his reasons, Lady Macbeth faints (Act 2 Scene 3 line 112). This shows her ability to extemporise when the situation requires it. Indeed there are several occasions when Lady Macbeth steps in to avoid her husband being put under suspicion. Her role in the banquet scene after Macbeth sees Banquos ghost has a reason. Macbeth shows signs of weakening before the spirit of Banquo. However, Lady Macbeth shows her authority over the proceedings. She instructs all but herself and Macbeth in Act 3 Scene 4 lines 118-9 to Stand not upon the order of your going. But go at once, thus managing to clear their estate of all the guests who had been visiting, which would have been a difficult feat especially for a woman yet her determination impels her capable. We sporadically notice that she is not such a nefarious character, as she would like to believe. An example of her vulnerability is when she needs a drink to give her courage in order to go through with the plan for the murder of Duncan, That which hath made them drunk hath made me bold. If she were truly a fiend she would feel nothing. Similarly, when she is anxious and awaiting Macbeths return she utters that, Had he not resembled my father as he slept, I had donet. Had she been entirely evil she would have distanced herself more and be unable to draw comparisons. The decisive moment however for Lady Macbeth is when she detects that she is no longer needed. Act 3 Scene 3 lines 6-7 describe this further when she asks Macbeth, Whats to be done? and he proves to her that he is no longer the mere student but the master as he replies, Be the innocent of the knowledge, dearest chuck, till thou applaud the deed. Macbeths use of dearest chuck would have been supposed to be playful however in this context would have aggravated his wife and spurred on the doubts that would have been forming in her mind. The quotation is also analogous to what Lady Macbeth had said to him in Act 1 Scene 5 about looking innocent, thus extra proof of his imitation of his wifes influence. Lady Macbeths return to the action in Act 5, scene 1 is dramatic in its irony. She is a mere shadow of her former self, unable to sleep and riddled with guilt she re-enacts the role she played in Duncans murder, and in so doing betrays her guilt to her waiting woman and, of course, the audience. The constant washing of her hands and utterances Out damned spot Whod have thought the old man to have so much blood serve to expose her crimes, her sentiments in Act Two A little water cleans me of this deed are shockingly highlighted in the closing Act with poignant irony. Delirious and disturbing outbursts: Heres the smell of blood still; all the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this hand. Oh, oh, oh! (Line 44-6) and her use of metaphor amplifies her acute mental torture and pain, she is a woman so construed by guilt that she loses all sanity. Lady Macbeths downfall, like her husbands, is a tragic one as she ultimately dies from her terrible crime. Like Macbeth, Lady Macbeth enjoyed reputation and status as the wife of the greatest Scottish warrior, much loved and honoured by king and county. However, she is as much Macbeth, guilty of vaulting ambition and when she succumbs to that fatal flaw she can no longer function. Indeed, so consumed by guilt, Lady Macbeth commits suicide knowing that her crimes have involved interfering with the divine right of kings. Interestingly, however, the audience see many times throughout this drama when Lady Macbeth is not so cold as she is made out to be. We know that she is not a fiend as we see on numerous occasions her inability to carry out acts herself, act 2 Scene 2, line 13-4, Had he not resembled my father as he slept. I had donet. She is unable to distance herself from the stunt and even helping to carry out the act she finds difficult as she needs help to bring the courage she needs: That which hath made them drunk hath made me bold; illuminating further how she has some empathy for Duncan. The audience see just how terrible an effect all the events since the witches first met Macbeth have had on her mental state as they hear how she has taken her own life in Act 5 scene 5 from Malcolm. To conclude, it is clear that Lady Macbeth begins her role as honoured; she certainly enjoys the wifely role of Scotlands hero. However, through greed and ambition, she forfeits her reputation and status. Certainly her actions are fiend-like but she does betray some small shreds of conscience and is therefore well aware of her choices. A totally fiendish character would not experience guilt, but Lady Macbeth goes insane simply because she knows she has been immoral and sinful. Lady Macbeth, an honoured hostess and a fiend-like Queen.

Influence of World War I on Military Innovation

Influence of World War I on Military Innovation Although The Treaty of Versailles set up certain conditions that had to be followed, especially for Germany, the treaty did not stop Germany from carefully examining and analyzing WW I. Germany used the interwar period in order to use an after action review to develop different lessons and to carefully examine every aspect of military employment, not only during WW I, but also possible employments in the future. Signing The Treaty of Versailles, on June 28, 1919, year, between Allied powers and Germany, the WW I officially ended. The treaty had fifteen (15) parts and four hundred and forty (440) articles which defined different aspects of future postwar relationships between countries involved in the war, and also limited postwar development of Germany in various fields. According to part five (5) of the treaty, Germany was forced to limit its military capabilities down to the one hundred thousand (100,000) soldiers and four thousand (4000) officers, and in addition, the treaty prohibited Germany from possessing different classes of weapons. Facing strict and radical treaty demands, Germany appointed general Hans von Seeckt as commander-in-chief of the army, and that was the most important and most crucial element in German after war innovation. General von Seeckt put general staff in control of the army, along with officers corps, carefully choosing, promoting and leading the most capable a nd experienced officers, and the rigorous selection induced officers who were able to understand future military engagements. Soon after as a result of this change, German army became the only European force to undertake a ruthless, clear-headed analysis of recent military experience.[1] According to General von Seeckt, a detailed analysis was supposed to provide German army with enough materials and lessons learned which would become guidance and later on a doctrinal template for future army development. As he noted: it is absolutely necessary to put the experience of the war in a broad light and collect this experience, while the impressions won on the battlefield are still fresh, and a major proportion of experienced officers are still in leading positions.[2] In order to reexamine and analyze WW I, General von Seeckt established no less than fifty-seven (57) different committees, in various branches of the army, chaired by general officers and composed of men who had great exper ience and knowledge from WW I. The committee 57, as already mentioned was established in different army branches, chaired by most experienced officers-generals and composed of roughly four hundred (400) officers who had huge experience from WW I. Most of those officers already have developed offensive and defensive doctrines, which were proved during WW I. The task for committee was concise and straightforward, the committee was supposed to examine everything that the war had brought. The final product was intended to be a short and concise examination of newly gained experiences and should include following: What new situation arose in the war that had not been considered before the war? How effective were prewar views in dealing with mentioned situations? What new guidelines have been developed for the use of new weapons in the war? Which new problems put forward by the war, the solution was not found yet? The outcome and final reports and answers to questions mentioned above were robust and realistic assessments and provided detailed explanations of almost every situation that occurred during WWI, especially in the period between 1917 1918 year.[3] Examining those questions that general von Seeckt wanted to be reviewed by his committees, it showed that Germans used profound and complete research of last war reviewing recent battlefield experience as some kind of starting point for possible military engagements in future wars. Germans proved that creation of revolutionary military capabilities during a peace time definitely depends on detailed analysis of recent past.[4] Lessons learned from WWI, especially those developed from Committee 57 had been used to develop famous military doctrine Truppenfà ¼hrung (Troop Leadership). That doctrinal document was an intellectual framework that would guide the future military engagements, and how to conduct war at the tactical level both in the air and on the ground. As already mentioned, careful examination of recent past and lessons learned from WW I were incorporated into extraordinary Army Regulation 487 (Leadership and Battle with Combined Arms) or Truppenfà ¼hrung. This doctrine was a solid foundation for future military employments and actually was the way for future interwar innovation processes that Germany conducted. According to the new doctrine, maneuver played the most important role for future military engagements and those who would be able to move forces quickly with a combination of firepower and other enablers, would have a significant advantage. Offensive mindset, flexibility, initiative at all levels, exploitation and coherent leadership with decentralized execution down to the lowest possible level were explained in details and provided guidance for leaders at all levels in German Army. In addition to maneuver, the doctrine emphasized the ability to transform and ability to adapt. Transformation and adaptation were crucial p oints for decentralized leadership mindset that Germany army adapted based on experience and lessons learned from the previous war. Although Germany was restricted by treaty, army leaders realized that there was a need to adapt and transform to new technological changes such us mechanized and armored units, and according to that they were seeking how to incorporate tanks and other armored carriers into new doctrine. They realized that future warfare would be highly dependent on the integration of mechanized and armored units, artillery and other technological advantages and recently discovered utilities such as radios. They already examined British use of tanks and one of the reports from the 1926 year emphasized speed, ability to strike independently and combined arms maneuver possibilities. From the 1929 year till the 1933 year, Germans used the opportunity to train their crews at the Kazan tank school in Russia, and it will lead to the development of armored units with a combinat ion of firepower, maneuver, speed, radios and artillery fire support. Later on, at the beginning of WW II, this form of warfighting will be known as Blitzkrieg or Lightening war.[5] Development of Armored units tanks at the early part of the 1930 year in Germany, and the creation of armored warfare expanded military capabilities and possible employments, and when Hitler came to power, in the 1933 year, he initiated a massive rearmament program and requested development of first armored units. By the 1935 year, the German army had three armored (panzer) divisions and by the 1940 year ten armored divisions.[6] As already mentioned, at the beginning of WW II, Germans used Blitzkrieg as a new form of warfighting, combined with the maneuver, speed, artillery support, and close air support and shocked the rest of the world. In the 1939 year, Germany invaded Poland and using already mentioned a form of warfighting it took them less than a month to crush resistance in Poland. It is important to mention that immediately after the invasion of Poland, German army conducted another after action review in order to prepare them self for following actions. Next country on Hit lers wish list was France. The Invasion of France started on May 10th 1940 year, and for less than six weeks Germany conquered Belgium, Netherlands, Luxemburg, and France. The allied forces were defeated and forced to retreat to Great Britain. The French collapse was sudden and totally unexpected. The end came with the surrender of France on 22 June. Hitler insisted on signing the document of capitulation in the same railway carriage used when Germany had surrendered in 1918. The humiliation of France was complete.[7] The combined-arms and armored warfare were proved by the end of the June 1940 year. The devastating victory against France and allied forces was described by French observer flying high over the advancing Germans, he described the outcome: The German tank detachments that move easily across the countryside because no French tanks oppose them produce irreparable damage even though the actual destruction they cause is apparently superficial. the tanks play the role of th ose chemical agents that destroy not the organism as whole, but its nervous system. Throughout the landscape across which the Germans have swept like lightening, the French army, even it appears almost intact, has ceased to be an army.the enemy moves as he wishes...[8] Even though German Armed Forces were limited by The Treaty of Versailles, the treaty did not stop them to examine and incorporate the best practices from WWI into the newly developed doctrine, and to develop capable officers corps which will lead the German Army during World War II. It showed that Germany used interwar period for adaptation, innovation, and development of combined arms maneuver incorporating speed, audacity, tempo, radios, artillery fire support and close air support and decentralized execution down to the lowest possible units. It became clear and obvious, even today, that after action reviews play an important role in the most armies of the world. Lessons learned and their incorporation into different manuals with constant innovation and adaptation can help commanders and staffs to avoid any possible problem or surprise. For example, the United States Army is constantly conducting after action reviews and adopting the best possible practices in order to be able to answer to any challenge or threat. Since the 2001 year, when global war on terror started, the US Army adopted several manuals and operating procedures as a countermeasure for terrorist actions. Notes: Geoffrey Parker, The Cambridge Illustrated History of Warfare, Chapter 15, The World in Conflict, Cambridge University Press, NY, pages 299-300 2 James S. Corum, The Roots of Blitzkrieg, Hans von Seeckt and German Military Reform (Lawrence, KS, 1992), p. 37. 3 Murray Millett, Military Innovation in the Interwar Period, Chapter 1, Armored Warfare (Cambridge University Press, NY), pages 36-37 4 Knox Murray, The dynamics of Military Revolution 1300-2050, Chapter 9, Contingency and fragility of the German RMA, Cambridge University Press, NY, 1991, pages 156-159 5 Murray Millett, Military Innovation in the Interwar Period, Chapter 1, Armored Warfare Cambridge University Press, NY, pages 37-40 6 Geoffrey Parker, The Cambridge Illustrated History of Warfare, Chapter 15, The World in Conflict, Cambridge University Press, NY, pages 299-300 7 http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/fall_france_01.shtml 8 Knox Murray, The dynamics of Military Revolution 1300-2050, Chapter 9, Contingency and fragility of the German RMA, Cambridge University Press, NY, 1991, page 155 [1] Geoffrey Parker, The Cambridge Illustrated History of Warfare, Chapter 15, The World in Conflict, Cambridge University Press, NY, pages 299-300 [2] James S. Corum, The Roots of Blitzkrieg, Hans von Seeckt and German Military Reform (Lawrence,  KS, 1992), p. 37. [3] Murray Millett, Military Innovation in the Interwar Period, Chapter 1, Armored Warfare (Cambridge University Press, NY), pages 36-37 [4] Knox Murray, The dynamics of Military Revolution 1300-2050, Chapter 9, Contingency and fragility of the German RMA, Cambridge University Press, NY, 1991, pages 156-159 [5] Murray Millett, Military Innovation in the Interwar Period, Chapter 1, Armored Warfare Cambridge University Press, NY, pages 37-40 [6] Geoffrey Parker, The Cambridge Illustrated History of Warfare, Chapter 15, The World in Conflict, Cambridge University Press, NY, pages 299-300 [7] http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/fall_france_01.shtml [8] Knox Murray, The dynamics of Military Revolution 1300-2050, Chapter 9, Contingency and fragility of the German RMA, Cambridge University Press, NY, 1991, page 155

Emotion to the Screen with Composition and Shot Variation In A Raisin i

Translating Emotion to the Screen with Composition and Shot Variation In A Raisin in the Sun Filmmaking and cinematography are art forms completely open to interpretation in a myriad ways: frame composition, lighting, casting, camera angles, shot length, etc. The truly talented filmmaker employs every tool available to make a film communicate to the viewer on different levels, including social and emotional. When a filmmaker chooses to undertake an adaptation of a literary classic, the choices become somewhat more limited. In order to be true to the integrity of the piece of literature, the artistic team making the adaptation must be careful to communicate what is believed was intended by the writer. When the literature being adapted is a play originally intended for the stage, the task is perhaps simplified. Playwrights, unlike novelists, include some stage direction and other instructions regarding the visual aspect of the story. In this sense, the filmmaker has a strong basis for adapting a play to the big screen. Despite the provision of stage directions, however, a play is not simple to adapt to a cinematic form. Plays rely heavily on dialogue to communicate emotion to the reader whereas film allows for close visual representation. Filmmakers can explore creativity in adaptation in many ways unavailable and impractical in the theater. In order to maximize the emotional impact of a dramatic work, the filmmaking team can make use of several simple yet effective tools, such as the composition of frames and the variations of the camera shot. In the 1961 film adaptation of Lorraine Hansberry's groundbreaking play A Raisin in the Sun, directed by Daniel Petrie, the filmmakers use these techniques in creative ways to communica... ...stival) starring one of America's most acclaimed actors, Sidney Poitier. Despite the necessity of the brilliant and groundbreaking writing of Hansberry, credit must be given to the filmmakers for translating the stirring emotion of the play into something visually moving. A theater production lacks the creative license for close-up shots of actors' faces, and the composition of the stage comes off as contrived and stilted at times. Although carefully planned and choreographed, the frame composition of the film is a subtle and creative exploration of the emotional message of this play. Works Cited A Raisin in the Sun. By Lorraine Hansberry. Dir. Lloyd Richards. Perf. Sidney Poitier. Ethel Barrymore Theatre, New York. 11 Mar. 1959. A Raisin in the Sun. Dir. Daniel Petrie. Perf. Sidney Poitier, Claudia McNeil, Ruby Dee and John Fiedler. Columbia Pictures, 1961. Emotion to the Screen with Composition and Shot Variation In A Raisin i Translating Emotion to the Screen with Composition and Shot Variation In A Raisin in the Sun Filmmaking and cinematography are art forms completely open to interpretation in a myriad ways: frame composition, lighting, casting, camera angles, shot length, etc. The truly talented filmmaker employs every tool available to make a film communicate to the viewer on different levels, including social and emotional. When a filmmaker chooses to undertake an adaptation of a literary classic, the choices become somewhat more limited. In order to be true to the integrity of the piece of literature, the artistic team making the adaptation must be careful to communicate what is believed was intended by the writer. When the literature being adapted is a play originally intended for the stage, the task is perhaps simplified. Playwrights, unlike novelists, include some stage direction and other instructions regarding the visual aspect of the story. In this sense, the filmmaker has a strong basis for adapting a play to the big screen. Despite the provision of stage directions, however, a play is not simple to adapt to a cinematic form. Plays rely heavily on dialogue to communicate emotion to the reader whereas film allows for close visual representation. Filmmakers can explore creativity in adaptation in many ways unavailable and impractical in the theater. In order to maximize the emotional impact of a dramatic work, the filmmaking team can make use of several simple yet effective tools, such as the composition of frames and the variations of the camera shot. In the 1961 film adaptation of Lorraine Hansberry's groundbreaking play A Raisin in the Sun, directed by Daniel Petrie, the filmmakers use these techniques in creative ways to communica... ...stival) starring one of America's most acclaimed actors, Sidney Poitier. Despite the necessity of the brilliant and groundbreaking writing of Hansberry, credit must be given to the filmmakers for translating the stirring emotion of the play into something visually moving. A theater production lacks the creative license for close-up shots of actors' faces, and the composition of the stage comes off as contrived and stilted at times. Although carefully planned and choreographed, the frame composition of the film is a subtle and creative exploration of the emotional message of this play. Works Cited A Raisin in the Sun. By Lorraine Hansberry. Dir. Lloyd Richards. Perf. Sidney Poitier. Ethel Barrymore Theatre, New York. 11 Mar. 1959. A Raisin in the Sun. Dir. Daniel Petrie. Perf. Sidney Poitier, Claudia McNeil, Ruby Dee and John Fiedler. Columbia Pictures, 1961.

Not Just A Rising Sun: Essay -- essays research papers

America is a Country based on diversity and immigration of many cultures creating a melting pot people from all over the world living together in freedom. The Asian American ethnic group is also based on diversity and different immigration patterns of different cultures all representing each other under one name Asian American. Asian Americans have a very diverse history and have different subgroups that have different social status. This essay will discuss and analyze the history of and how Asian Americans and subgroups are affected differently by discrimination and prejudices, and have different identities that can lead to different assimilation into American Culture and economy. This essay will discuss this through examining Chinese Americans, Japanese Americans, Korean Americans, Filipino and other Southeast Asian Islanders. Waves of Migration The Asian American community achieved their status in America in many different ways throughout history; with different reasons for immigrating to America and suffering different challenges and prejudices along the way. There were 2 distinct waves of immigration to the United States from Asian Americans. There was the old Asian wave of immigration that consists of Asians that immigrated from the middle of the Nineteenth Century to the early years of the Twentieth Century. The second wave is Asians that have immigrated to the United States since 1965. Chinese History The Chinese were the AA first to immigrate to the United States. A series of wars, rebellions, civil disorders, floods, famines and droughts made earning a livelihood in China difficult. Also, China faced a disheartening defeat in the Opium War of 1840 against the British. When news of a gold rush on the west coast of America reached China there was a huge influx of young male peasants immigrating to the United States trying to better themselves economically and then return home to there families. These immigrants started off working construction and on railroads. This was recognized by the white workers as a threat. The Chinese were not only forced out of the there jobs, but there was also legal measures taken to keep the Chinese out of the American workforce; with the Chinese Exclusion Act, passed in 1882 by the U. S. Congress. This was the first time in American History that a specific ethnic group was completely barred from immigrating to America.... ..., Filipino and other Southeast Asian Islanders. Yet they are a threat to the dominant group economically as they overcome fierce discrimination. One of the most common themes in constructing this essay is that Asian Americans are growing as a social and economical force in America and are starting to be recognized for that. They are at the top and bottom of our economy, and come from many different countries with different identities. This diversity is what makes Asian Americans such an interesting and complex minority. Work Cited Marger, Martin M. 2003. Race and Ethnic Relations: American and Global Perspectives. Michigan. Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. Gudykunst, William B. 2001, Asian American Ethnicity and Communication. Thousand Oaks. Sage Publications Inc. Mary Yu Danico and Franklin Ng, 2004. Asian American Issues. London. Greenwood Press Le, C.N. 2005. "Anti-Asian Racism & Violence" Asian-Nation: The Landscape of Asian America. http://www.asian-nation.org/racism.shtml Le, C.N. 2005. "Socioeconomic Statistics & Demographics" Asian-Nation: The Landscape of Asian America. http://www.asian-nation.org/demographics.shtml

Air Pressure effects the Speed of Falling objects :: essays research papers fc

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Research An object that is falling through the atmosphere is subjected to two external forces. The first force is the gravitational force, expressed as the weight of the object. The weight equation which is weight (W) = mass (M) x gravitational acceleration (A) which is 9.8 meters per square second on the surface of the earth. The gravitational acceleration decreases with the square of the distance from the center of the earth. If the object were falling in a vacuum, this would be the only force acting on the object. But in the atmosphere, the motion of a falling object is opposed by the air resistance or drag. The drag equation tells us that drag is equal to a coefficient times one half the air density (R) times the velocity (V) squared times a reference area on which the drag coefficient is based. The motion of a falling object can be described by Newton's second law of motion, Force = mass x acceleration. Do a little algebra and solve for the acceleration of the object in terms of the net external force and the mass of the object (acceleration = Force / mass). The net external force is equal to the difference between the weight and the drag forces (Force = Weight - Drag). The acceleration of the object then becomes acceleration = (Weight - Drag) / mass. The drag force depends on the square of the velocity. So as the body accelerates, its velocity (and the drag) will increase. It will reach a point where the drag is exactly equal to the weight. When drag is equal to weight, there is no net external force on the object, and the acceleration will become equal to zero. The object will then fall at a constant velocity as described by Newton's first law of motion. The constant velocity is called the terminal velocity. What is aerodynamics? The word comes from two Greek words aerios concerning the air, and dynamis, meaning powerful. Aerodynamics is the study of forces and the resulting motion of objects through the air. Humans have been interested in aerodynamics and flying for thousands of years, although flying in a heavier-than-air machine has been possible only in the last hundred years. Aerodynamics affects the motion of a large airliner, a model rocket, a beach ball thrown near the shore, or a kite flying high overhead. The curve ball thrown by big league baseball pitchers gets its curve from aerodynamics.

Guilt in Crime and Punishment Essay

â€Å"If he has a conscience he will suffer for his mistake. That will be punishment-as well as the prison. † (Dostoyevsky 336). Guilt is commonly understood to be an emotion that results as an outcome of an evil act. However, is it always this simple? No human being with any sense has the ability to commit an atrocious crime without some feeling of guilt or remorse afterwards. Gradually, this guilt festers and eats away at one’s conscience until the point of escape, reached by confession, thus leading to salvation. Throughout Dostoyevsky’s Crime and Punishment the main character, Raskolnikov is stricken with guilt and suffering that eventually leads to his confession and redemption. In today’s modern America, and Raskolnikov’s 18th century Russia, guilt plays a pivotal role in transforming an individual’s moral compass and influences ones actions. In the opening of the novel, Raskolnikov intellectualizes the crime by convincing himself that there are people in his world who are extraordinary, and that he is above the law by being one. He believes he is one of the elite, who will be able to commit the murder and escape both physical and emotional punishment. Rodia believes that the murder can be justified because of the fact that Allionia is wicked, and purposeless. Raskolnikov does not feel guilt in the crime until he realizes that no good had come from the murder, and Lizoveta who was an innocent person, had died as well as Allionia, making Rodia feel dreadful for his actions. Guilt has had, and always will have a variety of influences on people, and in Crime and Punishment, Raskolnikov physically shows remorse in different situations. Raskolnikov is constantly paranoid and anxious which demonstrates his extreme shame, without him having to actually confess his guilt. For example, Raskolnikov â€Å"†¦was aware of a terrible disorder within himself. He was afraid he could not keep himself under control. † (Dostoyevsky 91). As readers, we see his shame progress from before the murder, to when he bottles it all up to the point of explosion. Some would say that Sonia, not guilt, is the main contributor to Raskolnikov’s confession, but she is actually the instrument that cured his guilt. Sonia was the main vehicle of good in society, so her influence upon Raskolnikov was what society would have preferred Rodia to do; to confess. Sonia did urge Raskolnikov to come clean, for instance, at the end of the book Sonia told Rodia â€Å"Go to the crossroads, bow down to the people, kiss the earth because you have sinned against it, too, and say aloud to the whole world ‘I am a murderer! ‘ Then God will send you life again. † (Dostoyevsky 500). Although Sonia did advise him to profess his sins, Raskolnikov’s confession comes from his inner yearning to get rid of the shame he is feeling inside.

Sodium Thiosulfate Reaction

eLearning 2009 Publication No. 91860 Rate of Reaction of Sodium Thiosulfate and Hydrochloric Acid Rate Laws Introduction The purpose of this demonstration is to investigate the effect of sodium thiosulfate concentration on the rate of reaction of sodium thiosulfate with hydrochloric acid. The reaction, which produces solid sulfur, will be followed by measuring the time needed for the reaction mixture to become opaque. The results will be analyzed graphically to determine the order of reaction— the mathematical relationship between the reactant concentration and the rate.Concepts †¢ Kinetics †¢ Order of reaction †¢ Rate law †¢ Concentration Materials Hydrochloric acid solution, HCl, 2 M, 25 mL Sodium thiosulfate solution, Na2S2O3, 0. 15 M, 150 mL Distilled or deionized water Beakers, 100-mL, 5 Graduated cylinders, 50- or 100-mL, 2 Graduated cylinders, 10-mL, 5 Overhead projector or light box Permanent marker Stirring rods Stopwatch or timer Safety Precaution s Hydrochloric acid solution is corrosive to eyes and skin. It is moderately toxic by ingestion and inhalation. Sodium thiosulfate solution is a body tissue irritant.The reaction of sodium thiosulfate and hydrochloric acid generates sulfur dioxide gas, which is a skin and eye irritant. Perform this demonstration in a well-ventilated lab only. Avoid contact of all chemicals with eyes and skin. Wear chemical splash goggles, temperature-resistant gloves, and chemical-resistant apron. Please review current Material Safety Data Sheets for additional safety, handling, and disposal information. Procedure 1. Label five 100-mL beakers 1–5 and clean the bottom of each beaker. 2. Draw a large â€Å"X† across the bottom on the outside of each beaker.Place the beakers on an overhead projector stage or a light box so that students can view the â€Å"X. † 3. Using separate graduated cylinders for the solution and water, measure and add the required amounts of 0. 15 M sodium th iosulfate and distilled water to each beaker. Be as precise as possible. Beaker 0. 15 M Na2S2O3 Distilled Water 1 50. 0 mL 0 mL 2 40. 0 mL 10. 0 mL 3 30. 0 mL 20. 0 mL 4 20. 0 mL 30. 0 mL 5 10. 0 mL 40. 0 mL 4. Have students calculate the final concentration of sodium thiosulfate in each beaker 1–5. 91860 011509 Flinn Scientific—Teaching Chemistry eLearning Video Series 5.Record the following information in a data table: Beaker, volume of Na2S2O3 solution, volume of distilled water, concentration of Na2S2O3, reaction time (sec), and 1/reaction time (reaction rate). See the Sample Data and Results table in the Discussion section. 6. Measure 5. 0 mL of 2 M hydrochloric acid into each of five 10-mL graduated cylinders. 7. Starting with beaker #1, carefully add the HCl all in one pour to the sodium thiosulfate solution. Stir the solution once with a stirring rod and immediately start timing. 8. Stop timing when the black â€Å"X† is no longer visible. Record the rea ction time in seconds in the data table. . Repeat steps 7 and 8 with beakers 2–5. 10. Calculate 1/reaction time for each trial. Plot concentration vs. time and concentration vs. 1/time on separate graphs. Disposal Please consult your current Flinn Scientific Catalog/Reference Manual for general guidelines and specific procedures governing the disposal of laboratory waste. Collect the leftover reaction mixtures and filter to separate the solid sulfur product. The sulfur may be disposed of in a landfill according to Flinn Suggested Disposal Method #26a. The filtrate may be neutralized and disposed of down the drain with excess water according toFlinn Suggested Disposal Method #26b. Tips †¢ This activity may be performed as a chemical demonstration with classroom participation or as a student activity. The contents of the beakers project well on an overhead projector and the time to the disappearance of the black â€Å"X† is easily seen and measured. †¢ The reac tion may be downsized for a student lab activity. Carry out individual trials in separate wells in a 6-well reaction plate or in small medicine cups. If students will be doing the experiment in the lab, it is a good idea for them to start with beaker #5, because it takes the longest time. The activity may also be performed as a cooperative class exercise with different groups investigating different variables, including the effect of HCl concentration and the effect of temperature. The reaction rate is zero-order with respect to HCl. †¢ Empty the beakers and clean them thoroughly using paper towels to remove the sulfur. If the colloidal sulfur is allowed to sit in the beakers for an extended time, it will be much more difficult to remove the deposits from the glass. †¢ To achieve better mixing of the reactants, add the hydrochloric acid using a 10-mL luer-lock plastic syringe (without needle).Squirt the acid using a fair amount of force. †¢ When lower concentrations o f sodium thiosulfate are used, the rate law does not appear to be as simple as predicted in this experiment. At lower concentrations, the reaction appears to be closer to 3/2-order in sodium thiosulfate and 1/2-order in hydrochloric acid. The reaction time is more difficult to measure at lower concentrations because the onset of turbidity is more gradual. †¢ Both the overall chemical equation and the mechanism for the decomposition of sodium thiosulfate are more complex than suggested by Equation 1.The reaction is acid-catalyzed, which means that the acid concentration must have some bearing on the rate in terms of producing an equilibrium concentration of HS2O3– ions, The HS2O3– ion is a reactive intermediate, reacting further with additional S2O32– ions to produce polymeric ions containing multiple S atoms. When the chain of S atoms in a polymeric ion becomes long enough, it â€Å"closes† in on itself to form a ring of elemental sulfur (S8). â€⠀œ — S2O32– + H+ < — > HS2O3 —— – H—S—SO3– + nS2O32– > H—S—(S)n—SO3 + nSO32– – — – – H—S—Sn—SO3 < — > H+ + S—Sn—SO3 —— – S—S7—SO3 > S8 + SO32– –2–  © 2009 Flinn Scientific, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 91860 Discussion Sodium thiosulfate reacts with hydrochloric acid to form sulfur and sulfur dioxide (Equation 1). Na2S2O3(aq) + 2HCl(aq) > S(s) + SO2(g) + 2NaCl(aq) Equation 1 The kinetics of the reaction can be analyzed by graphing the concentration of Na2S2O3 as a function of both reaction time and 1/time. A plot of concentration versus time gives a curved line, which levels off as it approaches the x-axis—the reaction slows down as the reactant concentration decreases. The rate of a reaction is inversely proportional to reaction time.A plot of concentratio n of versus 1/time gives a straight line. The rate is directly proportional to concentration, and the reaction appears to be first order with respect to sodium thiosulfate concentration. Sample Data and Results Beaker 1 2 3 4 5 Volume of Na2S2O3 (mL) 50 40 30 20 10 Volume of H2O (mL) 0 10 20 30 40 [Na2S2O3], M 0. 15 0. 12 0. 090 0. 060 0. 030 Reaction time (sec) 22. 5 27. 3 35. 1 60. 0 159. 1 Reaction rate (1/time, sec–1) . 0444 . 0367 . 0285 . 0167 . 00629 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0. 00 Effect of concentration on reaction time 0. 05 0. 10 0. 15 0. 20 Na 2 S2 O3 Concentration, M 0. 07 0. 6 0. 05 0. 04 0. 03 0. 02 0. 01 0 0. 00 Effect of concentration on reaction rate 0. 05 Na 2 S2 O3 Concentration, M 0. 10 0. 15 0. 20 –3–  © 2009 Flinn Scientific, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 91860 Connecting to the National Standards This laboratory activity relates to the following National Science Education Standards (1996): Unifying Concepts and Processes: Grades Kâ €“12 Evidence, models, and explanation Constancy, change, and measurement Content Standards: Grades 9–12 Content Standard A: Science as Inquiry Content Standard B: Physical Science, structure and properties of matter, chemical reactions, motions and forcesFlinn Scientific—Teaching Chemistryâ„ ¢ eLearning Video Series A video of the Rate of Reaction of Sodium Thiosulfate and Hydrochloric Acid activity, presented by Annis Hapkiewicz, is available in Rate Laws, part of the Flinn Scientific—Teaching Chemistry eLearning Video Series. Materials for Rate of Reaction of Sodium Thiosulfate and Hydrochloric Acid are available from Flinn Scientific, Inc. Materials required to perform this activity are available in the Reaction Order and Rate Laws—Student Laboratory Kit available from Flinn Scientific.Materials may also be purchased separately. Catalog No. Description AP4864 H0034 S0114 AP1572 GP1010 GP2005 GP2015 Reaction Order and Rate Laws—Student La boratory Kit Hydrochloric Acid, 3 M, 500 mL Sodium Thiosulfate Pentahydrate, Reagent, 500 g Timer, Stopwatch, Flinn Beaker, Borosilicate Glass, 100 mL Graduated Cylinder, Borosilicate Glass, 10-mL Graduated Cylinder, Borosilicate Glass, 50-mL Consult your Flinn Scientific Catalog/Reference Manual for current prices. –4–  © 2009 Flinn Scientific, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 91860

Religious Truth vs. Scientific Truth Essay

Scientific beliefs have a basis of solid evidence and can been proven using the scientific method and through extensive research. But there is no â€Å"scientific method† for proving religious beliefs. That is, there is no way one could know that a particular, or any religion is â€Å"true† or â€Å"false. † That therefore, raises a question, â€Å"are religious beliefs true in the same sense that scientific beliefs are true? † I believe that since we have no way of telling indefinitely which religion is the â€Å"truth,† that it is simply an important feature of ones personality and outlook on the world, and what they personally choose to believe is â€Å"true† to them. Like Robert Solomon says in â€Å"The Little Philosophy Book,† â€Å"Perhaps one could suggest that religious beliefs are more like aesthetic beliefs; that is, they are just ‘personal’ or, in other words, subjective. They are not literally true but not false either. † In order to determine this conclusion, however, one must look at both the reasons to believe this is true, and also the opposing viewpoint. What religious beliefs are true? If you believe your own to be true you are therefore saying that all others, who believe differently are wrong. But at the same time if you claim that others can be true you are implying that your own is false. And if you claim that neither one is true nor false, but it is an issue of personal belief and simply subjective, then what does that say of the many religious believers who believe that their religion is the true one? That what everyone believes may in fact be false? Personally, I do not believe by suggesting that religious beliefs are personal and that just because someone else believes something differently, that they are false. Religious beliefs are beliefs taught, not seen or proven, but knowing and having faith in their existence. I like the way that Gandhi views religion. His idea of religion was not totally esoteric. He knew that every religion was connected with some belief system supported by rituals and he tried to get rid of the rituals as far as possible and make it more universal. To Gandhi religion was a human institution made my human ingenuity to solve practical affairs as well as spiritual matter. He explained it as trying to climb a mountain. The mountain represented Heaven, or ones idea of it. And it doesn’t matter which side of the mountain you climb, (which religion you practice) but that all religion have the same goal. That coincides with my belief, that although people may have various different religious beliefs, one does not make the other false. It can be said that the only way something, anything, could be absolutely true is with the support of evidence and proof. That is where the opposition of my opinion comes in. Scientific theories can be proven and have â€Å"evidence. † But it is also widely believed that religion too, has â€Å"evidence. † Evidence such as the bible, miracles and scientific studies that show the efficacy of intercessory prayer and the effects of religion on person health. However, this does not necessarily prove one religions beliefs to be true, more so it proves the existence of religion as a whole.

Genetically Modified Foods One World Essay

Genetically Modified Foods One World Essay Did you know that we’ve been eating genetically modified foods for the past 10 years? It’s in about 70-75% of our nation’s food. Our food supply has greatly improved. Today we are going to find out what are genetically modified foods. Genetically modified foods are foods that have been engineered in the laboratory. They are improved in many ways. In the first part of my speech I will talk about the genetic modification technology in food and agriculture, locating improvements. In the second part I will include a debate about food safety, consumer attitudes and other concerns.Newspapers frequently carry stories about genetically modified food. The biotechnology agricultural age is occurring. Scientists had an idea to make food have better appearance, growth, and taste. In genetic engineering you take the best food available and add the few characters you are interested in so that you’re breeding efficiency is incre ased. The last century was a time of big changes in genetic engineering. Humanity made huge steps toward creating new life. Experiments with creating human were not successful, but the whole world was watching the experiment with sheep Dooley, which became first cloned animal.It was first such a big succeeded experiment and as a result almost everyone knew the last news about the sheep. However a big achievement was made in modifying new plants and crops. In the 21st century genetically modified products already became a part of our life. Every day new genetic products appear in shops and it becomes harder to find healthy food which does not contain any added chemical components. Apples during the winter time, oranges which become ripe twice faster than their period of ripening and tomato bushes which can survive very cold weather prove that biological world had experienced a lot of changes.Experiments are being made, new plants are being produced for a quite a long period of time, however genetically modified products is one of the hotly debatable topics today. The benefits of gene technology in terms of food production are enormous. The most common genetically engineered crops contain modifications that make the plants resistant to certain diseases and herbicides, or allow them to produce their own pesticides, thereby eliminating or reducing the need to spray.So-called â€Å"Bt corn,† for example, contains a gene resistant to the harmful mycotoxin fungus and herbicide producers, Monsanto have created a strain of soybeans genetically modified to be unaffected by their product Roundup. The soybean farmer therefore can avoid targeting specific weeds and require just one application of a general weed-killer, reducing costs and agricultural waste run-off. Genetically modified crops are also being adapted to grow in salty, dry or frosty environments, contain edible vaccines, have a longer shelf life and be more nutritious.A group of Swiss and German scienti sts recently developed a strain of GM rice known as ‘golden rice’ due to its altered color. Containing genes that produce a unusually high amount of beta-carotene (vitamin A), this rice could be a solution to the thousands of poor children in Asia who eat little but rice and go blind or die from lack of vitamin A. Public reaction to the use of recombinant DNA in genetic engineering however has been mixed. Sliding US export commodities such as genetically modified soybeans and corn have highlighted hardened public opinion and widespread resistance to biotech crops, especially in the European Union.Concerns about GM foods fall into three categories: economics, environmental hazards and human health risks. The latter two have been the subject of hot debate, both in Australia and overseas. Environmental damage from GM crops can be caused through various channels. One of the main concerns has been the possibility of gene transfer to a non-target species, that is crops engine ered for herbicide tolerance and weeds cross-breeding, resulting in the transfer of the herbicide resistance to create ‘super weeds’.In addition, environmentalists fear that transgenic plants may proliferate rapidly, pollinating natural plants in their surroundings eliminating existing species. Further environmental suspicions include those of unintended harm to other organisms and of the reduced effectiveness of pesticides once insects become tolerant to a crop’s natural pesticide. Questions have also been raised on the human impact of genetically modified organisms.Critics of recombinant DNA fear that the pathogenic, or disease-producing organisms used in some recombinant DNA experiments might develop extremely infectious forms that could cause worldwide epidemics. Likewise, the unknown effect of foreign genes introduced into GM food crops in terms of human health also presents a controversial issue. Furthermore, there is a possibility that introducing a gene i nto a plant may create a new allergen or cause an allergic reaction in susceptible individuals. A proposal to incorporate a gene from Brazil nuts into soybeans in order to increase their nutritional value was abandoned hen it was found that the genetically engineered soybeans caused an allergic reaction in people sensitive to Brazil nuts. For these reasons, extensive testing and labeling of GM foods may be required to avoid the possibility of harm to consumers with food allergies. Biotechnology has started to revolutionize food production, with fantastic results. With the world population of 6 billion expected to double in the next 50 years and an adequate food supply becoming a major challenge it will no doubt continue to do so in the future.

Dr. Burn and His Profession Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Dr. Burn and His Profession - Case Study Example According to the paper, his vision for his practice was to have highest market share and offer a comprehensive dental care that included periodontal services, orthodontics, endodontics and oral surgeries. Dr. Burn presently had 40% of the market share and to achieve his vision and goals, he needed to gain competitive advantage vis-Ã  -vis quality service, technology driven dental treatment and providing comprehensive dental care. The strategic plans encompass developing new skills and improving the service delivery. He had three full time and three part time staff that worked for 46 hours per week. Dr. Burn believed in constantly keeping updated with the latest advancements in the dentistry and offered the best treatments to his patients who would otherwise had to travel long distance to see specialists. Waterlase was new laser based treatment that did not require anesthesia, was relatively painless and facilitated bloodless surgery and other treatment. This was main attraction, esp ecially for patients who were afraid of blood and pain. As very few dental care clinics had this treatment facility, it could be a major element of competitive advantage which could help gain larger market share. His move to upmarket place would provide him opportunities to expand the services and have space for new dental technology. Customer satisfaction was key ingredient that provides the dental office with huge credibility and therefore all new purchase and new services were designed towards enhancing customer satisfaction in terms of treatment, service and cost affordability. The increasing number of patients indicates the popularity of Dr. Burn and growth. The case has issues and not problems that need to be addressed. The major issue was whether investment in new laser technology, called Waterlase would be economically profitable. It was a new dental laser that allowed dental treatment without anesthesia.

Difference Between Network Administration and System Administration Essay

Difference Between Network Administration and System Administration - Essay Example An organization needs to distinguish between both the disciplines in order to run their business effectively. However, both these jobs are considered as same by the majority of business organizations. Normally, a large size firm hires both the network and system administrators while small size business organizations hire only the system administrators and give them the additional charge to manage the tasks which come under the job of network administration (Burgess, Principles of Network and System Administration, 2nd Edition, 2004, p. 1; Morgan, 2012). Before differentiating both these terms it is necessary to understand the functions of both the jobs. Basically, a system administrator performs their tasks while keeping in mind the interest of users, with the intention that they can make use of the system in order to carry out their tasks. On the other hand, a system administrator should not just make provision for one or two self-interested needs, but as well assist the organizatio n in attaining the organizational goals. At some point, it is expected that advancements in technology might cause to be system administration to some extent an easier job (one of totally resource administration) but, currently, system administration is not believed to be an administrative task; on the other hand it is a tremendously challenging engineer’s task. In fact, this job involves dealing with software, hardware, diagnosis, user support, repair and prevention. Thus, system administrators must have knowledge of a bit of everything, no matter skills are administrative, technical and socio-psychological (Burgess, Principles of Network and System Administration, 2nd Edition, 2004, p. 1). As discussed above, both the terms system administration and network administration exist independently and are utilized both commonly and disconnectedly by business organizations and by researchers. Basically, the system administration is the term used customarily by mainframe and Unix e ngineers to explain the management of computers no matter they are connected to a network or not. According to the viewpoint of this community, network administration refers to the administration of network infrastructure devices such as switches and routers. In addition, both the system and network administration are more and more demanding for the reason that the complexity of computer systems is increasing continually. It can be better understood with an example, a single PC at present, running Windows NT, and connected to a network, reached the level of complexity that mainframe computers had ten years ago. Thus, organizations are at the present required to think about systems not just computers (Burgess, 2004, p. 1). Moreover, the system administration does not only involve installing operating systems but it involves planning and designing a well-organized and resourceful community of computers with the intention that actual users can be able to get their jobs done. Some of th e responsibilities of system administrator involve: (Burgess, 2004, p. 4) Planning for a network which is logical and well-organized Deploying large numbers of computers which can be with no trouble upgraded afterward Selecting what services will be required Planning and deploying