Bioinformatics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Bioinformatics - Essay ExampleTo function correctly, each cadre depends on thousands of proteins to function in the right places at the right times. When a mutation alters a protein that plays a critical role in the body, a medical condition can result. A condition caused by mutations in one or more genes is called a genetic disorder. Some mutations alter a genes deoxyribonucleic acid insensible sequence but do not change the function of the protein made by the gene. Studies in the fly Drosophila melanogaster suggest that if a mutation does change a protein, this go away probably be harmful, with about 70 percent of these mutations having damaging effects, and the remainder being either neutral or wobbly beneficial (Sawyer , et al 2007).If a mutation is present in a germ cell, it can fork up rise to offspring that carries the mutation in all of its cells. This is the case in hereditary diseases. On the another(prenominal) hand, a mutation can occur in a somatic cell of an orga nism. Such mutations will be present in all descendants of this cell, and certain mutations can cause the cell to twist malignant, and thus cause cancer (Ionov , et al 1993).Although many mutations are deleterious, mutations may have a arrogant effect given certain selective pressures in a population. For example, a specific 32 base pair deletion in valet CCR5 (CCR5-32) confers HIV resistance to homozygotes and delays AIDS onset in heterozygotes(Sawyer , et al 2007). The CCR5 mutation is more common in those of European descent. One theory for the etiology of the relatively gamy frequency of CCR5-32 in the European population is that it conferred resistance to the bubonic plague in mid-14th century Europe. mint who had this mutation were able to survive infection thus, its frequency in the population increased(Ionov , et al 1993). It could also let off why this mutation is not found in Africa where the bubonic plague never reached. Newer theory says the selective pressure on t he CCR5 Delta 32 mutation has been caused by smallpox instead of the bubonic plague(Galvani and Slatkin, 2003).-Render the junction into a box-shaded diagram. Identify the place of the mutation on the multiple sequence alignment. Can you deduce anything from these data Check that your sequences are appropriately gapped .3-AA/860 bp insert 5-TTTCATGA----- //----- TCATGAAA-33-AAAGTACT----- //----- AGTACTTT-53-TT/860 bp insert 5-AATCATGA----- //----- TCATGATT-33-TTAGTACT----- //----- AGTACTAA-53-CC/860 bp insert 5-GGTCATGA----- //----- TCATGACC-33-CCAGTACT----- //----- AGTACTGG-53-GG/860 bp insert 5-CCTCATGA----- //----- TCATGAGG-33-GGAGTACT----- //----- AGTACTCC-5Note that for each various(prenominal) PCR product, the last eight bases at each 3-end of the DNA are identical. Also note that only the counterbalance two and the last two base pair positions vary between the four PCR products. The PCR products were designed in this way to directly measure the effect of 3-base compositi on on blunt vector and T-vector efficiency (Novy, Yaeger, and Kolb, 2008).From the human protein sequence, present any Prosite motif and conserved sequence domains in a sequence diagram. Identify the position of the mutation on the diagram. Can you deduce anything from these dataRepresentative Sequence Length Mass (Da) A2QKA5 Checksum FF7C4CB42EEB5629385 41,846 10 20