How A Modem Works Essays - Modems, , Term Papers

How A Modem Works Abstract This paper has explained in some detail what a modem is and how a modem works. The evolution of a modem, transfer of speeds through various sized modems, and how data transferred has also been discussed. The word modem is an acronym for Modulator Demodulator. Modems accept digital data supplied by the personal computer, and convert it to a modulated analog waveform that can be transmitted over an analog telephone line. Modems also work in reverse. They take a modulated analog wave from the phone line, then convert it to a digital form, then pass it onto the personal computer (PC). Modems, at connection, send tones to each other to negotiate the fastest mutually supported modulation method that will work over whatever quality of line has been established for that call. There are two main differences in the types of modems for the PC, internal and external. Modem data transfer rates have gone from 300bps to 1,200bps to 9,600bps to 14.4kbps to 28.8kbps and to 33.6kbps. Now new modem standards are emerging, reaching speeds of 56kbps. Viewing graphics or downloading sound files improves dramatically with 56kbps. The experts say that the next major improvement will have to come from the telephone companies, with the fiber optic cables so we can have an integrated services digital network (ISDN). Digital connections are more efficient because of the frequent disconnects and modem freezing of the analog modem. These errors can be caused by line noise, which can come from many sources such as lightning storms, sunspots, and other electromagnetic phenomena. Modems will automatically reduce their speed to avoid introducing data errors. The transmission of speed sometimes causes confusion. The root of this problem seems to stem from the terms baud and bits are used interchangeably. A baud is a change in a signal from positive to negative or vice-versa that is used as a measure of transmission speed and bits per second is a measure of the number of data bits (digital 0's and 1's) transmitted each second in a communications channel. Synchronous and Asynchronous data transfer are two methods of sending data over the telephone line. In synchronous data transmission, data is sent via a bit stream, which sends a group characters in a single stream. In order to do this, modems gather groups of characters into a buffer, where they are prepared to be sent as such a stream. In order for the stream to be sent, synchronous modems must be in perfect synchronization with each other. When the clocks of each modem are in synchronization, the data stream is sent. In asynchronous transmission, data is coded into a series of pulses, including a start bit and a stop bit. A start bit is sent by the sending modem to inform the receiving modem that a character is to be sent. The character is then sent, followed by a stop bit designating that the transfer of a bit is complete. There are about 16,000 bits in a full page of English text. In order to view a full motion full screen video it would require approximately 10,000,000 bits per second, depending on the data compression. In some cases, the PC equipped with a 28.8kbps modem would be faster than a 33.6kbps or even a 56k modem, especially with sites that do not have a great deal of graphics. There are several factors in determining the time it takes to connect and display a Web site. These include the speed of your computer, your connection to your Internet service provider (ISP), your ISPs connection to the Internet itself, traffic on the Internet and the speed and current traffic conditions of the site your visiting. U.S. Robotics, Cardinal, Rockwell, and other manufacturers have developed modems capable of 56k speeds over standard telephone lines. U.S. Robotics line of modems called X2 uses an asymmetric scheme. This lets you download at speeds up to 56kbps from any on-line service or ISP using matching U.S. Robotics modems. One catch with the data you upload to the provider is still limited to 33.6kbps or 28.8kbps. There are no set standards for the 56kbps modems as of yet, not all vendors support the same specifications. This means that the

Study of Rhetorical Techniques and Proposition 8 essays

Study of Rhetorical Techniques and Proposition 8 essays In the November 2008 United States election cycle, the state of California had Proposition 8 on the ballot. This was in response to the state legalizing gay marriage through the judicial system. After the legalization of the practice, opponents of gay marriage were able to put Proposition 8 on the ballot in an attempt to overturn the court ruling. Ultimately they were successful, but not without millions of dollars in campaign advertising. This paper will examine the main advertisement named, 'Gathering Storm'. This ad was shown throughout the state, and in retrospect seems to have turned the tide of the Proposition 8 battle, helping enormously to swing voters in favor of banning marriage between two members of the same sex. The advertisement itself was, like many political ads, targeting a wide demographic of 'swing voters', voters who historically can fall on either side of an issue. It was played at prime time on regular rotation, but appeared to target a cross section of the population consisting of young to middle age professionals. The producers of the ad also seemed to be acutely aware of the wide range of diversity within California by making sure that all racial demographics had a speaking role in the ad. It is possible that this is an intentional choice by the creators of the ad as well, seeing as how the opponents of Proposition 8 often countered arguments by portraying the supporters as bigots who were attempting to limit human freedoms. As the ad opens, an attractive white woman in business attire begins by saying, "There's a storm gathering." In the background you can see ominous clouds swirling mightily behind her. The music is of an ominous nature, implying a dangerous situation. The camera then cuts to a wider angle, showing a mix of people standing in a desert with the same clouds behind them. It is worth noting at this point that California has deserts, and the most famous one of them to the locals is known ...

20 paragraphs relating to the Rio Grande Valley Research Paper

20 paragraphs relating to the Rio Grande Valley - Research Paper Example This paper is going to focus on some of the natural physical features in the region of Rio Grande. The earth space pictures of Rio Grande shows that there exists only one major basin in the region. This is the Piceance Basin. This basin exists in the northwestern parts of Colorado. The Piceance Basin is a geologic formation. Its formation dates back from Cambrian to Holocene periods. It is important to note that the basins in the Rio Grande have large reserves of coal and natural gas. In addition, the basins contain oil shale reserves (Phillips et al, 73). This is very critical in the economy of the region. The extraction of such natural resources is important in industrial development as well as strengthening of the economy. This is because these natural resources are good sources of energy needed in many sectors of development in the region. Forests are some of the natural features found in the earth space pictures of Rio Grande. The picture shows that there is only one large forest in Rio Grande. The forests in Rio Grande is very crucial in modifying the ecosystem of the region. The Rio Grande National Forest is important in maintaining high diversity of species in the region. The pictures of earth space science show that several flats are found within the Rio Grande. The flats are natural phenomena that have certain roles in the region. In Rio Grande, there are a total of twenty four flats. Some of these flats include Dry Lake Flats, Big Park Flats as well as Corral Park Flats among others (Phillips et al, 78). Some of these Flats are found within areas suitable for hiking, bird watching as well as other activities. The earth space pictures shows that several lakes are found in the Rio Grande region. These lakes are important sites for several economic activities. They provide water necessary for irrigation purposes. In addition, the lakes are

Interview Analysis. The police corruption Essay

Interview Analysis. The police corruption - Essay Example Both Dan Dekoeyer and Tim DeKoeyer believe that the police has become more ethical over the time than they were ten years ago, and the improvement is continual. However, Tim DeKoeyer goes a step further to attribute this positive change to the improved standards of recruitment by the LEOs as they have started to search for more educated candidates. Education not only increases the knowledge of police officers, but also inculcates a sense of responsibility in them. Dan Dekoeyer thinks that some police officers become involved in misconduct because he considers the job of police a high-pressure job in which, there exist numerous sources of temptation for the police officers. Most of the police officers don’t display a corrupt behavior intentionally; rather they have to make some immediate decisions quite often which may at times, go wrong. Also, this is not something that only happens in the LEOs. Indeed, all occupations assume probability for such circumstances. Tim DeKeoyer al so thinks that police officers or officers belonging to any LEO are just as likely to show misconduct as a person belonging to any other organization. As human beings and specially being in an environment where they have to constantly interact or deal with criminals transfers some of the negative energy to the police officers as well. One reason why many of them show misconduct is that the reward they get for they services is far too less as compared to the toughness of their job. Accountability for the police officers has increased significantly over the time, which makes it all the more difficult for a police officer to offer his best services for the nation. Although Dan Dekoeyer emphasizes that academies providing the police with training in the present age give due importance to... The intention of this study is the police corruption, a very important issue that has affected the society in many ways. The integrity of police plays a decisive role in the improvement of the condition of law and order in the country. From the responses of the interviewees, it can be inferred that a vast majority of police officers work in due accordance with the requirements of ethics. They are honest as individuals and basic human beings, but still, they have to suffer from the lack of public confidence. People generally tend to underestimate the police ethics and show little respect for the same. People do not place confidence in police ethics because of two prime reasons; First, there exists and nurtures a culture in the police that gradually inculcates a change in the behaviors and morality of a police officer for the worse. Second, there is a perception that policing mostly provides a means for racial discrimination to intensify. These perceptions have given rise to such terms as slippery slope, noble cause corruption and Dirty Harry scenario. The term slippery slope is used to refer to the tendency of the police to undergo gradual deterioration of the moral status of police as well as the permissibility of deviant behavior in them. The term Dirty Harry scenario is used to refer to the assumed tendency of police to torture the kidnappers and other hostage takers. The term noble cause corruption is used to refer to the habit of police to make white lies or deal with the bad people under the influence of their personally kept moral values that often make the officers violate the laws.

KKK (Ku Klux Klan) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

KKK (Ku Klux Klan) - Essay Example It was said that the Klan's first leader is the famous general N.B. Forrest, the Calvary Confederate leader. He is called the 'Grand Wizard' or the 'Imperial Wizard'. This is the title given to the Klan's highest leader and was assisted by lower ranking officials of the group. The whole southern country was mapped, organized, and subdivided into several sectors down to the lowest ranks and individual members. 1 Later in 1869, the group became perpetrators of lawless violence and recklessness throughout the continent. Ku Klux Klan members were seen mostly at night, covered in white. They hold silent parades and covered their horses with the same white robes. People regarded the Klan as Confederate soldiers returning from the dead. The Ku Klux Klan spread terror all over the entire land. Their main targets are the blacks, the carpetbaggers, and the scalawags. They effectively kept black men from voting and from joining the electoral process, so as to control the polls, its results and politics in particular. They promote terror through whipping and lynching. And because the Klan became so powerful and uncontrollable, its leaders, headed by General Forrest, ordered and sought to disband the group. He resigned from his position as the Grand Wizard. But then, a lot of its off-shoots still functioned, and it continued on for the next few years.2 The Birth of the Second Ku Klux Klan It was 1915 when the Klan was revived, thus giving birth to the second Ku Klux Klan faction. This group was formed by William J. Simmons, who is a former minister and a popular fraternal order promoter. In October of the same year, he had prepared to reveal the campaign to form the group, together with friends of the same mindset. The second Klan is still focused on restoring the supremacy of the white race. It is promoting fundamentalism as a religion and had a hand in controlling politics during those time, although it professed that it is not a political group. Some of the Klan's noted members were elected as government officials, mostly congressmen and mayors. The Klan still continued on performing extreme measures to counter its assumed enemies, and most of these cases were unauthorized by their central leaders. 3 The most noted and remembered extreme activity undertaken by the second Ku Klux Klan is the murder of three civil rights workers in the summer of 1964, in Mississippi. It was the most horrible crime they committed in the entire regime of the second Klan - it was an execution, not merely an assassination. But in 1930, Ku Klux Klan experience a decline in its members, especially when state laws prohibited the use of masks and the propagation of secret societies. This decline of interest on its members is mainly due to the massive corruption, the wrong doings, and the amassing of wealth for personal gains by its leaders through the influence group.4 The Klan as Hate Group The major example of hate groups working with leaders of several or subsequent affiliations and at the same time working under a common name but covering a lot of distinct factions is none other than the Ku Klux Klan. The Klan was a hate group which did one too many illegal acts of intimidation and violence. The Klan was known to be responsible for the arson of the Black South Caroline Group of Churches, which is a predominantly black institution. The Klan

How Do Eye witness Testimonials Affect Jury Decision Making

How Do Eye witness Testimonials Affect Jury Decision Making A mock-jury scenario was conducted to evaluate the effects that eye-witness testimonies had on 139 participants. In order to study the true affects the testimonies have on decision making process, eye-witness testimonies were manipulated into 3 different categories (credible eye-witness, discredited eye-witness and no eye-witness). Evidence by the prosecution and defence sides were also presented and were consistent across the three independent variable groups. In the past many theorist felt that inconsistencies in eye-witnesses testimonies have been the cause of many wrongful convictions (Neufeld, 2008; Wagstaff et al., 2003). These past beliefs have resulted in the development of this study and the hypothesis that, having any sort of eye-witness present would cause a dramatic influence in generating more guilty verdicts by the participants. However the study results were found to be inconclusive in supporting our hypothesis and possible reasons for this, as well as future studies w ere discussed. How Do Eye-witness Testimonials Affect Jury Decision Making? In a courtroom, jury members are presented with many forms of evidence in order to help manipulate the decision making process. A commonly used form of evidence that is presented by the prosecution side is called an eye-witness testimony. An eye-witness testimony is an observation that a third party had to a crime or incident that took place. The eye-witness will testify as to what they saw and also try to identify who committed the crime. As stated by Bradfield and Wells (2000), in 1972 in the case of Neil vs Biggers the court declared that for an eye-witness testimony to be valid, 5 criterias had to be met. These were (1) certainty of suspects identification, (2) quality of view the witnesses reports having of the suspect, (3) attention paid to suspect, (4) the degree to which the witnesses description of suspect match that of defendant and (5) time that has elapsed between witnessing crime and identification of suspect. These 5 criteria were later known as the 5 Biggers criteria. According to Rutledge (2001), eye-witness testimonies in most cases are amongst the most important forms of evidence that is presented. However it must be contrasted that although testimonies are an aid for decision making, there is a wide acceptance that eye-witness evidence is frequently unreliable and inaccurate (Neuschatz et al., 2007; Rutledge, 2001). Scholars have theorised that the acceptances of unreliable testimonies by jury members are largely the result of the high confidence level displayed by eye-witness at correctly identifying the suspect, when in fact they were incorrect (Luss Wells, 1994; Wells, Ferguson Lindsay, 1981). A possible cause to explain how these high confidence levels develop in an eye-witness has been linked to what theorist call the feedback effect. It was shown that feedback comments by police such as, well done or good, you identified him during interviewing process, had dramatic effects on the eye-witnesses confidence (Luss Wells, 1994; Wells Bradfield, 1998). Koriat, Lichtenstein and Fischhoff (1980, as cited in Wells, Ferguson Lindsay, 1981), went further and stated that this feedback led to eye-witnesses thinking of reasons that further supported the decision they have made regarding who they identified and the circumstances of the crime they felt they had observed. Rattner (1988, as cited in Bradfield Wells, 2000), further states that acceptance of mistaken identification is the largest single cause of wrongful conviction. Rattners statement was further demonstrated by mock-jury studies undertaken where it was shown that although there were inconsistencies in eye-witness testimonies, the majority of jury members delivered a verdict that the defendant was guilty (Lindsay, Wells OConnor, 1989; Wagstaff et al., 2003). Therefore because of the ever-increasing debate as to the reliability and validity of the statements made and the consequences it has in the jury decision making process, research into eye-witness testimonies is a valuable area of study. In the study it was hypothesised that firstly, having any sort of eye-witness will incur more guilty verdicts over non guilty verdicts. Secondly, it is hypothesised that with the presentation of a witness, the probability or confidence level that the suspect is guilty should increase over that of having no witness. Therefore the more credible a witness is, the more probability the participants should show of having a guilty verdict. Method Participants The study comprised a total of 139 PYB 102 students from Queensland University of Technology. Participants were recruited for this study by means of a consented volunteering process held during a tutorial session. The total number of students comprised of 107 females and 32 males whose age range varied between 17 to 51 years of age. This equates to an average age of 21.8 years and a standard deviation of 7.5 years. Design All participants were presented with an identical argument by the prosecution and defence lawyers, however the information regarding the eye-witness testimony were altered for participants to form 3 different points of view regarding the eye-witness testimony. Therefore, the independent variables in this study were the 3 different arguments that were presented regarding eye-witness testimonies (no eye-witness, discredited eye-witness and a credible eye-witness). The 2 dependent variables which were the outcomes of this study were the guilty or not guilty verdicts and the participants probability (confidence level) at the suspect committing the crime. Material Participants were given a sheet stating the crime scenario with relevant facts about the crime, suspect, circumstances of the arrest and evidence presented to jury in court. Other materials used in this study were pen and paper questionnaire. The questionnaire required a choice between a guilty or non guilty verdict along with a probability of guilt ranking from 0% to 100%. Procedure Each participant received information regarding a crime scenario. Information given, stated how the crime took place and how the suspect was arrested. Participants were also advised by the prosecution side of the evidence that was found in the suspects possession or on suspects hands and shoes. The defence team also presented their side, stating a counter-reason behind the evidence and possessions being claimed by the prosecution side. Participants were also given information regarding eye-witness testimonies. The information regarding eye-witness testimonies were used as an independent variable in the study and were altered into 3 scenarios which affected the accuracy of the testimonies. Group 1 was presented with information that had no eye-witness statements while group 2 was presented with an eye-witness who had witnessed the crime but was not wearing his glasses at the time and was legally declared blind. Group 3 was presented with an eye-witness who claimed to have seen the incident and had no issues regarding his sight. After being presented with all the information, participants were asked to do two separate tasks. Task 1 was a categorical task whereby participant had to select whether they felt the suspect was guilty or not guilty. The second task was to numerically state the probability that the suspect was guilty. This confidence level had a possible value which ranged from 0% probability (absolutely not confident that suspect committed the crime) to 100% probability (absolutely confident the crime was committed by suspect). Results Table 1 shows the decisions made by participants of guilty vs not guilty, while table 2 shows how probable the participants felt the suspect was guilty based on the eye-witness testimonies they were presented. Table 1. Decisions Made by Participants Based on Eye Witness Testimony. Experimental Condition Guilty Not Guilty No witness 15 (33%) 30(67%) Eye-witness 21(45%) 26(55%) Discredited eye-witness 7(15%) 40(85%) Table 2. Probability that Participants Felt Suspect was Guilty Based on Eye-Witness Testimony. Experimental Probability suspect Standard Condition Is Guilty Deviation No witness 45.22 22.36 Eye-witness 50.10 21.93 Discredited eye-witness 36.38 19.24 Discussion Results found that the percentage differences in guilty verdicts across all three groups were statistically significant using a chi-square test of independence which concluded that p = 0.007 existed ( x2 (2, N=139) = 9.94). Also the only probability or confidence level that was shown to be significant using independent sample t-test was only apparent between the difference in the eye-witness group and discredited eye-witness group. It was found that participants had a higher percentage of not guilty votes when presented with either a credible witness or a discredited witness and therefore the first hypothesis has been found to be inconclusive. As stated by Hosch, Beck, and McIntyre (1980), a majority of not guilty verdicts may have been chosen by jurors not because they felt that the defendant was innocent, rather they may have felt the evidence and eye witness testimonies had not proven guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. The second hypothesis was also found to be inconclusive in that although we expected having an eye-witness (discredited or credible) would have a higher probability or confidence level than having no eye-witness, our results contradicted this by showing that the no eye-witness group had more guilty verdicts than the discredited eye-witness group. However, in partial support of the second hypothesis, it must be noted that having a credible eye-witness did produce a higher probability of guilt than having no eye-witness. This outcome could be explained by the fact that participants understood the implications of guilty verdicts based on information which do not prove beyond a reasonable doubt. Another point to note is participants have access to internet websites that highlight information regarding suspects who were originally guilty due to evidence such as eye-witness testimonies, but have been exonerated through DNA testing. As supported on their website by Scheck and Neufeld (2008), eye-witness identification is frequently inaccurate and that eye-witness misidentification is the single greatest cause of wrongful convictions that were overturned through DNA testing. Another study which supports the second hypothesis is summarised by Kennedy and Haygood (1992), who states the discrediting of an eye-witness will undermine any influence the witness had on the decision making process. Limitations of this study included factors such as the study was a theoretical case and hadnt truly represented all factors that would be presented in a real courtroom, this included the limited evidence presented. Another point to note is that because of the theoretical example, participants couldnt incorporate true emotions that jurors felt when presented with in-depth evidence in real court situations such as the violent nature of crimes. Secondly participants with prior exposure to jury exposure may have a different outlook to decision making compared to participants who havent had previous exposure. These limitations could help devise future studies by comparing studies with only non-exposed jury participants against exposed participants. In summary, it has been found that this study was inconclusive to determine if the hypothesis could truly be rejected. Therefore it would be advisable to perform further studies in the future in order to further develop a better understanding on how eye-witness testimonials affect jury decision making process.

Network Troubleshooting :: essays research papers

Introduction If you’ve ever been a network administrator, the call you dread the most might be one you receive in the middle of the night by some panicked employee stating that a portion of your critical network has gone down. What troubleshooting options are available to provide answers to your network problem? Besides having a proactive helpdesk that can â€Å"read† the mind of your network, an important part of troubleshooting involves using a network protocol analyzer. If you’ve done your research, you realize that there are many choices on the market today that may satisfy your needs but make a dent your company’s pocket book. Plus, you have to factor in training your helpdesk on how to use this new tool and if it will provide some type of return on investment (ROI). After conducting a thorough research of tools to analyze and troubleshoot a network, we decided to use Ethereal. Many versions such a Sniffer ® Portable by Network General and Observer ® by Network Instruments provided more options but were only available in â€Å"demo† versions and didn’t provide full functionality. Since we wanted to use Tcpdump as one of the tools in our network troubleshooting arsenal, it made sense to run Ethereal since it supports this type of filter. So, what is Ethereal? Ethereal is a network analyzer. It has the ability to read packets from a network, decipher them, and then display the results with a very intuitive GUI. According to the book Ethereal Packet Sniffing, â€Å"the most important aspects of Ethereal are as follows: that it is open source, actively maintained, and free†. After conducting thorough research, Ethereal also supports TcpDump format capture filters, supports over 700 protocols (new ones are added on a regular basis), and the tool can capture data from Ethernet, Token Ring, 802.11 Wireless, etc. For anyone interested in a command line interface (CLI) interface for Ethereal, you’re in luck since there is a CLI available called tethereal. History of Ethereal Ethereal is a fairly mature networking tool that was developed by Gerald Combs back in 1997, but has only been available to users since 1998. Something unique to this tool is the numerous dissectors that are available. If you’re like me, you may ask yourself, what are dissectors? According to Brockmeier, they â€Å"are what allow Ethereal to decode individual protocols and present them in readable format†. Since the code is open source, you will notice every few months that the list of supported protocols has increased due to individual contributions to Ethereal.

A Central Theme or Motif in the Play Othello, Is Jealousy

Jealousy is the central theme in the play â€Å"Othello† by William Shakespeare. It is the most famous literary work that focuses on the dangers of jealousy. The play is a study of how jealousy can ruin lives – even with only the most circumstantial evidence of guilt. The play opens in Venice and revolves mainly around a man called Othello. It’s his actions and thoughts which makes the play interesting and suspenseful. Themes such as love, jealousy, betrayal, honesty and vengeance are all important and widely portrayed throughout the play.However, as we venture into the play and the character Othello, we will realise that jealousy is ultimately the most important theme of them all. It is the fundamental element that fuels the characters and evidently crafted the play into how it is today. From the beginning of the play, we clearly see the jealousy in Iago. This is seen with his dejection at being passed over for promotion to be Othello's lieutenant. Cassio, the à ¢â‚¬Å"bean counter†, got the job instead of Iago the experienced soldier. He just has to accept his loss. But, of course, he does not, and that becomes the driving force of the play.His strategy of dealing with loss is to strike back with vengeance and deception against Othello, who has humiliated him by passing over him for promotion. He stays close to Othello, acting as his best friend when he is actually deceiving Othello, â€Å"I am not what I am†. He is out to get back at Othello and he does this by creating an evil plan against him. Othello is in love with Desdemona and secretly marries her. He loves her and is willing to do anything for her. However, he is blinded by this love and allows jealousy to ruin their relationship.Jealousy is so destructive and has rendered Othello to become so vulnerable to the evil schemes by Iago. Iago uses Desdemona in his plan, and succeeds greatly. Iago’s plan begins as he openly executes his plan of destruction, which incor porates jealousy as the key factor. He intends to create a strong sense of jealousy in Othello by setting up the mirage of an affair between Desdemona and Cassio. Othello is a simple man. He has never dealt with a situation like this before. As a result, he had very extreme reactions because of his jealousy.However, Othello’s jealousy has not developed and still doubts their affair. Therefore no extreme actions have been committed yet. The quote â€Å"Away at once with love or jealousy! † by Othello allows us to understand that he still has faith in Desdemona and does not believe she is cheating on him. However, Iago continues to feed Othello with rumors of the affair. His persistency and Othello’s vulnerability has caused a rapid development of jealousy in him. By the quote â€Å"I like not that†, we can see that it is the turning point for Othello – he begins to lean towards Iago’s interpretation of the truth.In doing so, Othello falls int o the trap and tells Iago that he wants Cassio and Desdemona dead. His love for Desdemona is so strong and yet jealousy overpowers him. Iago realises that although he does not have proof of the affair, he is still able to cause harm â€Å"As proofs of holy writ: this may do something†. From this we realise how obstinate Othello is. Jealousy has made him lose his ability to reason or think logically. In fact, Iago has been so successful with his plan that he was able to put Othello into a state of madness.He even loses control of his body and Iago explains it as epileptic seizures. At the end of the play, after Othello smothers Desdemona to death, it is brought to his attention that he was set up by Iago. In horror, he realizes his mistake. Just before his suicide, Othello explains that all will have to refer to him as â€Å"one that loved not wisely but too well†. His lack of experience brought upon his ruin. Jealousy is described throughout the play as a monstrous emo tion or more specifically, a â€Å"green-eyed monster†. This becomes increasingly more destructive and intense.However, it’s at the end of the play that Othello commits extreme actions because his jealousy has caused him to believe everything is true. Jealousy here is harnessed as a weapon, a weapon made so lethal because its victim ultimately destroys himself and others around him. It is interesting that Iago uses jealousy against Othello, as jealousy is likely the source of Iago’s hatred in the first place. In Othello, jealousy takes many forms, from sexual suspicion to professional competition, but it is, in all cases, destructive.However, this jealousy was not originally prominent Othello, but was rather developed through Iago’s numerous plans of destruction, which is understood through Othello’s change in personality and actions taken. By studying the text â€Å"Othello† by William Shakespeare, we are able to understand that jealousy is a powerful emotion, one that can destroy relationships, and consume the mind. Whether sexual or platonic, once the seed of jealousy is planted it can lead to devastating consequences, as seen in the play.Jealousy can easily turn into anger, and overwhelm it's victim making them obsessed with the notion. In the play Othello, many of the characters fall victim to jealousy, causing them to commit acts outside of their normal persona. Othello was the victim in the play, and was miserably destroyed by his uncontrollable jealously. Out of all the characters in this play, it’s obvious that jealousy was what ruined Othello. Jealousy had the most profound effect on him and in the end, destroyed his relationship with Desdemona, and himself. In doing so, I believe that jealousy is the central theme in the play.

Free Essays on Anthony Van Dyck

Anthony Van Dyck’s â€Å"Andromeda Chained to the Rock† Anthony Van Dyck is a brilliant and tremendously influential portrait painter who was also a religious and narrative artist, a consummate draughtsman and etcher and a charming occasional landscape watercolorist. The seventh of twelve children born to a wealthy silk merchant in Belgium, Anthony van Dyck began to paint at an early age. By the age of nineteen, he had become a teacher in Antwerp. In his early twenties, van Dyck went to Italy, where he studied the paintings of Titian and Paolo Veronese and worked as a successful portrait painter for the Italian nobility. In 1621 Anthony van Dyck left Antwerp and his position as chief assistant to Peter Paul Rubens. He spent the next six years in Italy, conceiving a obsessive admiration for Titian and developing a mature painting style. He lived in England from 1632 to his death, becoming a fashionable portrait artist and court painter to King Charles I. The piece that really stands out of all Van Dyck’s work is Andromeda Chained to the Rock. Van Dyck's cultural environment and pictorial style come forward in this painting of Andromeda, the beautiful Ethiopian princess whose sacrifice was required to calm a sea monster ravaging the kingdom. Van Dyck depicts her chained in a rocky cave awaiting her fate, while the monster approaches through the waves. Perseus, her rescuer, moves quickly along through the skies on Pegasus. Andromeda stands firmly, full-length, and life-sized, looking up in anguish. Andromeda has a solid physical presence, which may also come from the fact that Van Dyck used his mistress Margaret Lemon for the model of this painting. The woman’s lively eyes, detailed facial features, and fine modeling of flesh tones show the Van Dyck’s concern for texture and pattern. His brush strokes vary to soften the background and... Free Essays on Anthony Van Dyck Free Essays on Anthony Van Dyck Anthony Van Dyck’s â€Å"Andromeda Chained to the Rock† Anthony Van Dyck is a brilliant and tremendously influential portrait painter who was also a religious and narrative artist, a consummate draughtsman and etcher and a charming occasional landscape watercolorist. The seventh of twelve children born to a wealthy silk merchant in Belgium, Anthony van Dyck began to paint at an early age. By the age of nineteen, he had become a teacher in Antwerp. In his early twenties, van Dyck went to Italy, where he studied the paintings of Titian and Paolo Veronese and worked as a successful portrait painter for the Italian nobility. In 1621 Anthony van Dyck left Antwerp and his position as chief assistant to Peter Paul Rubens. He spent the next six years in Italy, conceiving a obsessive admiration for Titian and developing a mature painting style. He lived in England from 1632 to his death, becoming a fashionable portrait artist and court painter to King Charles I. The piece that really stands out of all Van Dyck’s work is Andromeda Chained to the Rock. Van Dyck's cultural environment and pictorial style come forward in this painting of Andromeda, the beautiful Ethiopian princess whose sacrifice was required to calm a sea monster ravaging the kingdom. Van Dyck depicts her chained in a rocky cave awaiting her fate, while the monster approaches through the waves. Perseus, her rescuer, moves quickly along through the skies on Pegasus. Andromeda stands firmly, full-length, and life-sized, looking up in anguish. Andromeda has a solid physical presence, which may also come from the fact that Van Dyck used his mistress Margaret Lemon for the model of this painting. The woman’s lively eyes, detailed facial features, and fine modeling of flesh tones show the Van Dyck’s concern for texture and pattern. His brush strokes vary to soften the background and...

The Tragedy of War essays

The Tragedy of War essays Since the beginning of mankind, war has been the ultimate companion of men across their evolution. Man has always had that spirit of a warrior. Without it, he could never have improved because that is the same spirit that guides people in the various fights which combine to constitute the path of life. However, war is still a nightmare that raises a big These days, movies come to report barbarian acts that men can perpetrate during wars. Those films make people hope we never have a WWIII, because they represent artistically how horrible war is, and the are so realistic that they can push us to identify ourselves with the characters. This comes down to the special effects used in the recent war films as Saving Private Ryan or The Thin Red Line. These effects make people more aware of soldiers pain and therefore more mindful to what war represents. The aim of my research is to show how movies can persuade the audience on both sides, either on making them aware of wars horrors, or on stimulating their patriotic spirit so The Thin Red Line is an anti-war film, probably the best one. It highlights the insanity that turns out when humans insist on fighting. The film follows a company throughout their campaign to take an important hill on the pacific island of Guadalcanal in the Second World War. As much as it can be categorized, the plot consists of these mens exploits, triumphs and deaths in their attempts to capture this strategic strip of land from the The film director Terrence Malicks intention seems to be showing the terrifying reality of modern combat, focusing on the devastation wreaked upon individual men. In fact, the film shows that every man fights his own war. When Malick juxtaposes the war atop these images from Eden, we get a quick idea of the destructiveness of humankind. One is reminded again that Wo...

Bullying Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 7

Bullying - Essay Example Secondly, bullying may take place as a way of shifting attention. For example, it may occur to conceal bad things taking place in an organization such as dishonesty and misuse of funds. On the other hand, bullying in the workplace leads to various effects. Some of the effects include demoralization, lack of teamwork, and makes one feel alienated (Tim Field Foundation 1). Bullying may also make an organization inefficient and unproductive. Bullying behaviors are also shown to be behind all form of negative things experienced in the workplace. Such negative things include favoritism, harassment, unfairness, abuse, and conflict and violence. On the other hand, workplace bullying is said to occur in stages. These stages include ‘isolation, control and subjugation, and elimination’ (Tim Field Foundation 1). Isolation is said to be characterized by criticism, fault finding, and being sidelined. Control and subjugation, on the other hand, is characterized by patronization, humiliation, and being a target of gossip. Elimination is characterized by subjection to disciplinary procedures that end with the

Fiscal policy and government debt Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Fiscal policy and government debt - Coursework Example Through empirical tests, guided by the above representations, Romer and Romer (2010) conclude that irrespective of the given legislation, significant changes in an economy’s tax policy brings about a dominant motivation that fits into the following categories making up for increases in government expenditure, addressing an inherited government deficit and spurring long-term growth (799). Further, the findings illustrate that tax changes largely influence output. The baseline specification implies that one percent of GDP will lower real GDP by almost three percent. Additionally, changes in taxation are very much related to future changes, further, investments decline significantly following exogenous tax increases. Lastly, the study concluded that tax increases to reduce an inherited budget deficit do not have the large output costs associated with other exogenous tax increases. The observation, which points to the fact that improved welfare results from tax cuts are largely a position confounded by the New Keynesian multipliers which indicate that a tax cut should increase welfare mainly because it frees up private resources for spending. This thought is only countered by the initial Keynesian multipliers which have since been replaced by the more contemporary thought (Tsoukis, 2010). Therefore, it seems safe to base thoughts of tax policy changes on the view represented in this study. The main argument in this regard is that higher taxation acts as a disincentive to individuals and firms to work and invest.